Add chain id to mixed-case checksum address encoding

# 简要说明

This EIP extends EIP-55 by optionally adding a chain id defined by EIP-155 to the checksum calculation.

# 摘要

The EIP-55 was created to prevent users from losing funds by sending them to invalid addresses. This EIP extends EIP-55 to protect users from losing funds by sending them to addresses that are valid but that where obtained from a client of another network.For example, if this EIP is implemented, a wallet can alert the user that is trying to send funds to an Ethereum Testnet address from an Ethereum Mainnet wallet.

# 动机

The motivation of this proposal is to provide a mechanism to allow software to distinguish addresses from different Ethereum based networks. This proposal is necessary because Ethereum addresses are hashes of public keys and do not include any metadata. By extending the EIP-55 checksum algorithm it is possible to achieve this objective.

# 规范

Convert the address using the same algorithm defined by EIP-55 but if a registered chain id is provided, add it to the input of the hash function. If the chain id passed to the function belongs to a network that opted for using this checksum variant, prefix the address with the chain id and the 0x separator before calculating the hash. Then convert the address to hexadecimal, but if the ith digit is a letter (ie. it's one of abcdef) print it in uppercase if the 4*ith bit of the calculated hash is 1 otherwise print it in lowercase.

# 原理阐述

Benefits:

By means of a minimal code change on existing libraries, users are protected from losing funds by mixing addresses of different Ethereum based networks.

# 向后兼容

This proposal is fully backward compatible. The checksum calculation is changed only for new networks that choose to adopt this EIP and add their chain numbers to the Adoption Table included in this document.

# 实现

#!/usr/bin/python3
from sha3 import keccak_256
import random
"""
   addr (str): Hexadecimal address, 40 characters long with 2 characters prefix
   chainid (int): chain id from EIP-155 """
def eth_checksum_encode(addr, chainid=1):
    adopted_eip1191 = [30, 31]
    hash_input = str(chainid) + addr.lower() if chainid in adopted_eip1191 else addr[2:].lower()
    hash_output = keccak_256(hash_input.encode('utf8')).hexdigest()
    aggregate = zip(addr[2:].lower(),hash_output)
    out = addr[:2] + ''.join([c.upper() if int(a,16) >= 8 else c for c,a in aggregate])
    return out

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# 测试用例

eth_mainnet = [
"0x27b1fdb04752bbc536007a920d24acb045561c26",
"0x3599689E6292b81B2d85451025146515070129Bb",
"0x42712D45473476b98452f434e72461577D686318",
"0x52908400098527886E0F7030069857D2E4169EE7",
"0x5aAeb6053F3E94C9b9A09f33669435E7Ef1BeAed",
"0x6549f4939460DE12611948b3f82b88C3C8975323",
"0x66f9664f97F2b50F62D13eA064982f936dE76657",
"0x8617E340B3D01FA5F11F306F4090FD50E238070D",
"0x88021160C5C792225E4E5452585947470010289D",
"0xD1220A0cf47c7B9Be7A2E6BA89F429762e7b9aDb",
"0xdbF03B407c01E7cD3CBea99509d93f8DDDC8C6FB",
"0xde709f2102306220921060314715629080e2fb77",
"0xfB6916095ca1df60bB79Ce92cE3Ea74c37c5d359",
]
rsk_mainnet = [
"0x27b1FdB04752BBc536007A920D24ACB045561c26",
"0x3599689E6292B81B2D85451025146515070129Bb",
"0x42712D45473476B98452f434E72461577d686318",
"0x52908400098527886E0F7030069857D2E4169ee7",
"0x5aaEB6053f3e94c9b9a09f33669435E7ef1bEAeD",
"0x6549F4939460DE12611948B3F82B88C3C8975323",
"0x66F9664f97f2B50F62d13EA064982F936de76657",
"0x8617E340b3D01Fa5f11f306f4090fd50E238070D",
"0x88021160c5C792225E4E5452585947470010289d",
"0xD1220A0Cf47c7B9BE7a2e6ba89F429762E7B9adB",
"0xDBF03B407c01E7CD3cBea99509D93F8Dddc8C6FB",
"0xDe709F2102306220921060314715629080e2FB77",
"0xFb6916095cA1Df60bb79ce92cE3EA74c37c5d359",
]
rsk_testnet = [
"0x27B1FdB04752BbC536007a920D24acB045561C26",
"0x3599689e6292b81b2D85451025146515070129Bb",
"0x42712D45473476B98452F434E72461577D686318",
"0x52908400098527886E0F7030069857D2e4169EE7",
"0x5aAeb6053F3e94c9b9A09F33669435E7EF1BEaEd",
"0x6549f4939460dE12611948b3f82b88C3c8975323",
"0x66f9664F97F2b50f62d13eA064982F936DE76657",
"0x8617e340b3D01fa5F11f306F4090Fd50e238070d",
"0x88021160c5C792225E4E5452585947470010289d",
"0xd1220a0CF47c7B9Be7A2E6Ba89f429762E7b9adB",
"0xdbF03B407C01E7cd3cbEa99509D93f8dDDc8C6fB",
"0xDE709F2102306220921060314715629080e2Fb77",
"0xFb6916095CA1dF60bb79CE92ce3Ea74C37c5D359",
]
test_cases = {30 : rsk_mainnet, 31 : rsk_testnet, 1 : eth_mainnet}

for chainid, cases in test_cases.items():
    for addr in cases:
        assert ( addr == eth_checksum_encode(addr,chainid) )

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# Adoption

# Adoption Table

Network	Chain id	Supports this EIP
RSK Mainnet	30	Yes
RSK Testnet	31	Yes

# Implementation Table

Project	Adopted this EIP	Implementation
MyCrypto	Yes	JavaScript
MyEtherWallet	Yes	JavaScript
Ledger	Yes	C
Trezor	Yes	Python and C
Web3.js	Yes	JavaScript
EthereumJS-util	Yes	JavaScript
ENS address-encoder	Yes	TypeScript