语言语法

grammar Solidity

Solidity is a statically typed, contract-oriented, high-level language for implementing smart contracts on the Ethereum platform.

rule source-unit

On top level, Solidity allows pragmas, import directives, and definitions of contracts, interfaces, libraries, structs, enums and constants.

rule import-directive

Import directives import identifiers from different files.

rule path

Path of a file to be imported.

rule symbol-aliases

List of aliases for symbols to be imported.

rule contract-definition

Top-level definition of a contract.

rule interface-definition

Top-level definition of an interface.

rule library-definition

Top-level definition of a library.

rule inheritance-specifier

Inheritance specifier for contracts and interfaces. Can optionally supply base constructor arguments.

rule contract-body-element

Declarations that can be used in contracts, interfaces and libraries.

Note that interfaces and libraries may not contain constructors, interfaces may not contain state variables and libraries may not contain fallback, receive functions nor non-constant state variables.

rule call-argument-list

Arguments when calling a function or a similar callable object. The arguments are either given as comma separated list or as map of named arguments.

rule identifier-path

Qualified name.

rule modifier-invocation

Call to a modifier. If the modifier takes no arguments, the argument list can be skipped entirely (including opening and closing parentheses).

rule visibility

Visibility for functions and function types.

rule parameter-list

A list of parameters, such as function arguments or return values.

rule constructor-definition

Definition of a constructor. Must always supply an implementation. Note that specifying internal or public visibility is deprecated.

rule state-mutability

State mutability for function types. The default mutability ‘non-payable’ is assumed if no mutability is specified.

rule override-specifier

An override specifier used for functions, modifiers or state variables. In cases where there are ambiguous declarations in several base contracts being overridden, a complete list of base contracts has to be given.

rule function-definition

The definition of contract, library and interface functions. Depending on the context in which the function is defined, further restrictions may apply, e.g. functions in interfaces have to be unimplemented, i.e. may not contain a body block.

rule modifier-definition

The definition of a modifier. Note that within the body block of a modifier, the underscore cannot be used as identifier, but is used as placeholder statement for the body of a function to which the modifier is applied.

rule fallback-function-definition

Definition of the special fallback function.

rule receive-function-definition

Definition of the special receive function.

rule struct-definition

Definition of a struct. Can occur at top-level within a source unit or within a contract, library or interface.

rule struct-member

The declaration of a named struct member.

rule enum-definition

Definition of an enum. Can occur at top-level within a source unit or within a contract, library or interface.

rule state-variable-declaration

The declaration of a state variable.

rule constant-variable-declaration

The declaration of a constant variable.

rule event-parameter

Parameter of an event.

rule event-definition

Definition of an event. Can occur in contracts, libraries or interfaces.

rule using-directive

Using directive to bind library functions to types. Can occur within contracts and libraries.

rule type-name

A type name can be an elementary type, a function type, a mapping type, a user-defined type (e.g. a contract or struct) or an array type.

rule elementary-type-name

rule function-type-name

rule variable-declaration

The declaration of a single variable.

rule data-location

rule expression

Complex expression. Can be an index access, an index range access, a member access, a function call (with optional function call options), a type conversion, an unary or binary expression, a comparison or assignment, a ternary expression, a new-expression (i.e. a contract creation or the allocation of a dynamic memory array), a tuple, an inline array or a primary expression (i.e. an identifier, literal or type name).

rule tuple-expression

rule inline-array-expression

An inline array expression denotes a statically sized array of the common type of the contained expressions.

rule identifier

Besides regular non-keyword Identifiers, the ‘from’ keyword can also occur as identifier outside of import statements.

rule literal

rule boolean-literal

rule string-literal

A full string literal consists of either one or several consecutive quoted strings.

rule hex-string-literal

A full hex string literal that consists of either one or several consecutive hex strings.

rule unicode-string-literal

A full unicode string literal that consists of either one or several consecutive unicode strings.

rule number-literal

Number literals can be decimal or hexadecimal numbers with an optional unit.

rule block

A curly-braced block of statements. Opens its own scope.

rule unchecked-block

rule statement

rule if-statement

If statement with optional else part.

rule for-statement

For statement with optional init, condition and post-loop part.

rule while-statement

rule do-while-statement

rule continue-statement

A continue statement. Only allowed inside for, while or do-while loops.

rule break-statement

A break statement. Only allowed inside for, while or do-while loops.

rule try-statement

A try statement. The contained expression needs to be an external function call or a contract creation.

rule catch-clause

The catch clause of a try statement.

rule return-statement

rule emit-statement

An emit statement. The contained expression needs to refer to an event.

rule assembly-statement

An inline assembly block. The contents of an inline assembly block use a separate scanner/lexer, i.e. the set of keywords and allowed identifiers is different inside an inline assembly block.

rule variable-declaration-tuple

A tuple of variable names to be used in variable declarations. May contain empty fields.

rule variable-declaration-statement

A variable declaration statement. A single variable may be declared without initial value, whereas a tuple of variables can only be declared with initial value.

rule expression-statement

rule mapping-type

rule mapping-key-type

Only elementary types or user defined types are viable as mapping keys.

rule yul-statement

A Yul statement within an inline assembly block. continue and break statements are only valid within for loops. leave statements are only valid within function bodies.

rule yul-block

rule yul-variable-declaration

The declaration of one or more Yul variables with optional initial value. If multiple variables are declared, only a function call is a valid initial value.

rule yul-assignment

Any expression can be assigned to a single Yul variable, whereas multi-assignments require a function call on the right-hand side.

rule yul-if-statement

rule yul-for-statement

rule yul-switch-statement

A Yul switch statement can consist of only a default-case (deprecated) or one or more non-default cases optionally followed by a default-case.

rule yul-function-definition

rule yul-path

While only identifiers without dots can be declared within inline assembly, paths containing dots can refer to declarations outside the inline assembly block.

rule yul-function-call

A call to a function with return values can only occur as right-hand side of an assignment or a variable declaration.

rule yul-boolean

rule yul-literal

rule yul-expression

lexer grammar SolidityLexer

rule fixed-bytes

Bytes types of fixed length.

rule number-unit

Unit denomination for numbers.

rule signed-integer-type

Sized signed integer types. int is an alias of int256.

rule unsigned-integer-type

Sized unsigned integer types. uint is an alias of uint256.

rule string-literal

A single quoted string literal restricted to printable characters.

rule non-empty-string-literal

A single non-empty quoted string literal.

rule single-quoted-printable

Any printable character except single quote or back slash.

rule double-quoted-printable

Any printable character except double quote or back slash.

rule escape-sequence

Escape sequence. Apart from common single character escape sequences, line breaks can be escaped as well as four hex digit unicode escapes \uXXXX and two digit hex escape sequences \xXX are allowed.

rule unicode-string-literal

A single quoted string literal allowing arbitrary unicode characters.

rule hex-string

Hex strings need to consist of an even number of hex digits that may be grouped using underscores.

rule hex-number

Hex numbers consist of a prefix and an arbitrary number of hex digits that may be delimited by underscores.

rule decimal-number

A decimal number literal consists of decimal digits that may be delimited by underscores and an optional positive or negative exponent. If the digits contain a decimal point, the literal has fixed point type.

rule identifier

An identifier in solidity has to start with a letter, a dollar-sign or an underscore and may additionally contain numbers after the first symbol.

rule yul-evm-builtin

Builtin functions in the EVM Yul dialect.

rule yul-identifier

Yul identifiers consist of letters, dollar signs, underscores and numbers, but may not start with a number. In inline assembly there cannot be dots in user-defined identifiers. Instead see yulPath for expressions consisting of identifiers with dots.

rule yul-hex-number

Hex literals in Yul consist of a prefix and one or more hexadecimal digits.

rule yul-decimal-number

Decimal literals in Yul may be zero or any sequence of decimal digits without leading zeroes.

rule yul-string-literal

String literals in Yul consist of one or more double-quoted or single-quoted strings that may contain escape sequences and printable characters except unescaped line breaks or unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, respectively.

rule pragma-token

Pragma token. Can contain any kind of symbol except a semicolon. Note that currently the solidity parser only allows a subset of this.