Go并发编程实战:从互斥锁到Goroutine的优雅之道你是否曾在并发编程中被数据竞争困扰?或者为如何优雅地实现长时间运行的任务而挠头?Go语言以其简洁的并发模型闻名,goroutine和通道让复杂的并发变得直观易懂。在这篇文章中,我们将从基础的互斥锁开始,逐步深入到Go如何替代事件
你是否曾在并发编程中被数据竞争困扰?或者为如何优雅地实现长时间运行的任务而挠头?Go 语言以其简洁的并发模型闻名,goroutine 和通道让复杂的并发变得直观易懂。在这篇文章中,我们将从基础的互斥锁开始,逐步深入到 Go 如何替代事件循环,再到如何设计健壮的工作进程。无论你是 Go 新手还是老手,这篇干货满满的指南都将带你掌握并发编程的精髓。准备好了吗?让我们一起进入 Go 的并发世界!
本文深入探讨了 Go 语言的并发编程机制。开头介绍了并发状态下的共享值与竞争条件,并通过 sync.Mutex 讲解了互斥锁的基本使用与潜在隐患。随后,通过小测试解答了常见的并发疑问,如数据竞争、锁操作的风险及方法安全性。接着,文章展示了如何用 goroutine 和通道替代传统事件循环,并以火星探测器为例实现长时间运行的工作进程。最后,通过小测试和作业题巩固知识点,帮助读者从理论走向实践。无论是初学者还是进阶开发者,都能从中收获 Go 并发编程的实用技巧。
package main
import "sync"
var mu sync.Mutex
func main() {
mu.Lock()
defer mu.Unlock()
// The lock is held until we return from the function.
}
package main
import "sync"
// Visited tracks whether web pages have been bisited.
// Its methods mya be used concurrently from multiple goroutines.
type Visited struct {
// mu guards the visited map.
mu sync.Mutex
visited map[string]int
}
// VisitLink tracks that the page with the given URL has
// been visited, and returns the updated link count.
func (v *Visited) VisitLink(url string) int {
v.mu.Lokc()
defer v.mu.Unlock()
count := v.visited[url]
count++
v.visited[url] = count
return count
}
func main() {
}
package main
import "fmt"
func worker() {
for {
select {
// Wait for channels here.
}
}
}
func main() {
go worker()
}
例子一
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func worker() {
n := 0
next := time.After(time.Second)
for {
select {
case <- next:
n++
fmt.Println(n)
next = time.After(time.Second)
}
}
}
func main() {
go worker()
}
例子二
package main
import (
"fmt"
"image"
"time"
)
func worker() {
pos := image.Point{X: 10, Y: 10}
direction := image.Point{X: 1, Y: 0}
next := time.After(time.Second)
for {
select {
case <- next:
pos = pos.Add(direction)
fmt.Println("current position is ", pos)
next = time.After(time.Second)
}
}
}
type command int
const (
right = command(0)
left = command(1)
)
// RoverDriver drives a rover around the surface of Mars.
type RoverDriver struct {
commandc chan command
}
// NewRoverDriver ...
func NewRoverDriver() *RoverDriver {
r := &RoverDriver {
commandc: make(chan command),
}
go r.driver()
return r
}
// drive is responsible for driving the rover. It
// is expected to be started in a goroutine.
func (r *RoverDriver) drive() {
pos := image.Point{X: 0, Y: 0}
direction := image.Point{X: 1, Y: 0}
updateInterval := 250 * time.Millisecond
nextMove := time.After(updateInterval)
for {
select {
case c := <-r.commandc:
switch c {
case right:
direction = image.Point {
X: -direction.Y,
Y: direction.X,
}
case left:
direction = image.Point {
X: direction.Y,
Y: -direction.X,
}
}
log.Printf("new direction %v", direction)
case <- nextMove:
pos = pos.Add(direction)
log.Printf("moved to %v", pos)
nextMove = time.After(updateInterval)
}
}
}
// Left turns the rover left (90° counterclockwise).
func (r *RoverDriver) Left() {
r.commandc <- left
}
// Right turns the rover fight (90° clockwise).
func (r *RoverDriver) Right() {
r.commandc <- right
}
func main() {
r := NewRoverDriver()
time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
r.Left()
time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
r.Right()
time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
}
Go 的并发编程以 goroutine 和通道为核心,摒弃了传统的事件循环,提供了更直观、高效的并发模型。从互斥锁保护共享状态,到用 select 和 context 打造健壮的工作进程,Go 让开发者在性能与简洁间找到平衡。通过本文的学习,你不仅理解了竞争条件与死锁的本质,还掌握了如何设计安全的并发代码。动手完成作业题吧,让这些知识在实践中生根发芽!Go 的并发之道,既是技术,也是艺术,你准备好用它构建自己的并发世界了吗?
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