玩转 Web3 Solana：从零到代币开发

寻月隐君
发布于 2025-03-30 18:45
阅读 1382

玩转Web3Solana：从零到代币开发Web3浪潮席卷而来，Solana凭借超高性能和低成本，成为开发者探索去中心化世界的热门选择。想从零开始玩转Solana，打造属于自己的代币项目吗？这篇文章将带你一步步走进Solana开发的世界，从工具安装到代币创建，手把手带你体验Web3

# 玩转 Web3 Solana：从零到代币开发
Web3 浪潮席卷而来，Solana 凭借超高性能和低成本，成为开发者探索去中心化世界的热门选择。想从零开始玩转 Solana，打造属于自己的代币项目吗？这篇文章将带你一步步走进 Solana 开发的世界，从工具安装到代币创建，手把手带你体验 Web3 的魅力。不管你是小白还是老手，这里都有你需要的干货，快来一起解锁 Solana 的无限可能吧！

本文带你玩转 Web3 Solana 开发，从零基础起步，覆盖 Solana CLI 工具安装、Rust 和 Anchor 环境配置，到钱包管理、智能合约编译，再到 SPL 代币的创建与操作。通过详细的命令示例和链上结果展示，你将快速掌握代币开发的实战技能。无论是查询余额、生成密钥，还是在测试网空投 SOL，这篇指南都为你准备了清晰的操作路径，助你在 Solana 生态中轻松起飞！
## 实操

### 安装与查看 Solana 相关工具

#### 更新Solana CLI 工具链

```bash
agave-install update
  ✨ Update successful to stable commit f07a1e8
```

#### **检查当前安装的 Solana CLI 版本号**

```bash
solana --version

solana-cli 2.1.17 (src:f07a1e80; feat:3271415109, client:Agave)
solana -V
solana-cli 2.1.17 (src:f07a1e80; feat:3271415109, client:Agave)
```

#### **检查当前安装的 SBF（Solana 区块链程序框架）工具链版本**

```bash
cargo build-sbf -V
solana-cargo-build-sbf 2.1.17
platform-tools v1.43
rustc 1.79.0
```

#### **查看当前安装的 Rust 编译器（rustc）的版本号**

```bash
rustc -V
rustc 1.85.1 (4eb161250 2025-03-15)
```

#### **检查当前安装的 Anchor CLI 工具版本**

```bash
anchor --version
anchor-cli 0.31.0
anchor -V
anchor-cli 0.31.0
```

### 查看**当前默认地址**

```bash
solana address
6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD

buy-restrictor/client on  master [?] is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ solana address                                                                        
6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD
```

### 查看 Solana 默认钱包密钥文件的详细信息

```bash
ll ~/.config/solana/id.json 
-rw-------  1 qiaopengjun  staff   226B Feb 20  2024 /Users/qiaopengjun/.config/solana/id.json
```

### **查询当前默认钱包地址的 SOL 余额**

```bash
solana balance
100.18518034 SOL
```

### **查看当前 Solana 配置的详细信息**

`solana config get` 是 Solana CLI 中的一个命令，**用于查看当前 Solana 配置的详细信息**，包括默认的 RPC 节点、钱包路径和网络设置。

```bash
solana config get
Config File: /Users/qiaopengjun/.config/solana/cli/config.yml
RPC URL: https://api.devnet.solana.com 
WebSocket URL: wss://api.devnet.solana.com/ (computed)
Keypair Path: /Users/qiaopengjun/.config/solana/id.json 
Commitment: confirmed 
```

### **获取智能合约的 Program ID（程序地址）**

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ solana address -k target/deploy/buy_restrictor-keypair.json 
6ySTWR3Yf278usLzZRPXswdBcHrfyY6seb24Etxwph4f
```

### **查看 Solana 智能合约的密钥对文件内容**

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ cat target/deploy/buy_restrictor-keypair.json              
[155,71,21,122,135,204,91,244,135,51,144,142,136,90,129,188,150,237,4,203,65,17,8,6,207,110,23,76,79,62,57,184,88,191,190,137,101,105,152,191,142,81,72,155,71,134,244,193,182,104,228,166,172,180,153,50,49,7,194,50,74,141,54,204]%      
```

### **列出当前项目中所有程序的 Program ID（程序地址）**

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ anchor keys list
buy_restrictor: 6ySTWR3Yf278usLzZRPXswdBcHrfyY6seb24Etxwph4f

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ anchor keys list
buy_restrictor: H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM
```

### **生成一个新的 Solana 钱包密钥对，并将其保存到指定文件**

```bash
buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ solana-keygen new -o new.json
Generating a new keypair

For added security, enter a BIP39 passphrase

NOTE! This passphrase improves security of the recovery seed phrase NOT the
keypair file itself, which is stored as insecure plain text

BIP39 Passphrase (empty for none):

Wrote new keypair to new.json
===============================================================================
pubkey: H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM
===============================================================================
Save this seed phrase and your BIP39 passphrase to recover your new keypair:
usual daughter question found arch absent term spawn runway sphere spin despair
===============================================================================

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base took 9.1s 
➜ ls
buy_restrictor-keypair.json buy_restrictor.so           new.json

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ mv new.json buy_restrictor-keypair.json

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ ls
buy_restrictor-keypair.json buy_restrictor.so
```

### **获取指定密钥对文件（`.json`）对应的 Solana 公钥地址**

```bash
buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ solana address -k buy_restrictor-keypair.json              
H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM
```

### **自动同步项目中所有程序的 Program ID（程序地址）**

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ anchor keys sync                                 
Found incorrect program id declaration in "/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/solana-code/2025/buy-restrictor/programs/buy-restrictor/src/lib.rs"
Updated to H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM

Found incorrect program id declaration in Anchor.toml for the program `buy_restrictor`
Updated to H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM

All program id declarations are synced.
Please rebuild the program to update the generated artifacts.

```

### **编译 Solana 智能合约项目，生成部署所需的程序密钥和二进制文件**

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base took 14.9s 
➜ anchor build
    Finished `release` profile [optimized] target(s) in 0.39s
    Finished `test` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.46s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/solana-code/2025/buy-restrictor/target/debug/deps/buy_restrictor-6b544dadb31b7c3c)
```

### **详细列出 Solana 项目编译后生成的部署文件**

```bash
ll target/deploy
# 等效于：
ls -l target/deploy

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ ll target/deploy            
total 464
-rw-------  1 qiaopengjun  staff   233B Mar 26 20:33 buy_restrictor-keypair.json
-rwxr-xr-x  1 qiaopengjun  staff   225K Mar 26 22:25 buy_restrictor.so

```

### **检测 `buy_restrictor.so` 文件的类型和格式**。

`file target/deploy/buy_restrictor.so` 是 Linux/Unix 系统命令，用于**检测 `buy_restrictor.so` 文件的类型和格式**。对于 Solana 智能合约编译后的 `.so` 文件，输出结果会揭示其底层二进制结构。

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ file target/deploy/buy_restrictor.so 
target/deploy/buy_restrictor.so: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, eBPF, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, stripped
```

### 在 Solana 区块链上创建新的 SPL 代币

`spl-token create-token` 是 Solana 的 SPL Token 命令行工具中的命令，**用于在 Solana 区块链上创建新的 SPL 代币（同质化代币，如 USDC 这类可互换代币）**。

```bash
buy-restrictor/client on  master [?] is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-token                                               
Creating token Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe under program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA

Address:  Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
Decimals:  9

Signature: tgV38oEFfEyoupbxXTHsjbp7wjivuYCJaEexN8eE84Cf1ss2QStvYfitNwnYHFUgWVENpiyAyfDJuUbK4mNXEDy
```

https://solscan.io/token/Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe?cluster=devnet

https://solscan.io/tx/tgV38oEFfEyoupbxXTHsjbp7wjivuYCJaEexN8eE84Cf1ss2QStvYfitNwnYHFUgWVENpiyAyfDJuUbK4mNXEDy?cluster=devnet

### **为指定的 SPL 代币（Token Mint）创建关联账户（Associated Token Account, ATA）**

```bash
solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-account Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
Creating account 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1

Signature: 3Y1pMZUybRk59fXGKrxhDJmGhK2PFPGnXcxBuUyV5wYfZRcC9BfWcrTpPYwVjRBSDTFeNNxUhstzpuUAQThrV88A

ATA 地址 = 钱包地址 + 代币 Mint 地址 + 固定种子（"associated-token-account"）
```

`钱包地址` → 关联 → `ATA 地址` → 绑定 → `Token Mint 地址`。

### **向指定代币（Token Mint）铸造新代币并存入目标账户**

```bash
solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 3.2s 
➜ spl-token mint Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe 100 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1                                            
Minting 100 tokens
  Token: Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
  Recipient: 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1

Signature: 34r7ne14yr8H6FJtUkRkS9dEbifJcMPcHUScRTqFBa8xeJCpx8VYgua1nXbxjv1dbUkjGzdEhVjZXjALgzvupS5V

secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token mint Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe 100 7zzrX4Wn3ovnyMmZ8tXutHrJobvTTWkUutfAb7mPBFiq                                            
Minting 100 tokens
  Token: Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
  Recipient: 7zzrX4Wn3ovnyMmZ8tXutHrJobvTTWkUutfAb7mPBFiq

Signature: 4oBteNo6DNHRdPB1tWyjhiuLDDnZHUw3vyxGPZZocZ1Minbz6V3tmKJoXyRz379Tr1JH58voouBGG6FvLvpAqb5d

```

### **列出当前钱包持有的所有 SPL 代币账户及其余额**

```bash
solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 3.4s 
➜ spl-token accounts
Token                                         Balance
-----------------------------------------------------
SNumWwVm1XCYZhupdHGYhG3MSfXTq1PJLm24nZVqTLk   1  
3jT7QdVfPh3isZA9Qfu6hcPRd1ATTkSbzaTs1qf3bxPG  1  
4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU  20 
8BQHSWLd2vNJbiqd2DciWgrsyfG8AiL3T1Fc1hreXMsq  1  
E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx  88 
Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe  100
Fmt6FhmA9QQxkhgDBZJvSgZNH44VaQL9uecr9B7Zwufj  1

```

### **查询特定 SPL 代币（Token Mint）当前总供应量**

```bash
solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token supply Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe      
100
```

### **查询当前默认钱包中特定 SPL 代币余额**

```bash
spl-token balance <代币Mint地址>
# 示例：
spl-token balance Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token balance Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
100
```

### **查询 SPL 代币账户（Token Account）的完整链上信息**

```bash
solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token account-info Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe

SPL Token Account
  Address: 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1
  Program: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA
  Balance: 100
  Decimals: 9
  Mint: Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
  Owner: 6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD
  State: Initialized
  Delegation: (not set)
  Close authority: (not set)
```

### 创建一个精度为 0 的 SPL 代币（每个代币不可分割，适合 NFT 或整数型代币）

```bash
➜ spl-token create-token --decimals 0  
```

### 创建一个默认启用冻结功能的SPL代币

```bash
➜ spl-token create-token --enable-freeze                               
```

### 生成一个不关联助记词的ED25519密钥对文件

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ solana-keygen new --no-bip39-passphrase --outfile token_pool_keypair.json
Generating a new keypair
Wrote new keypair to token_pool_keypair.json
===============================================================================
pubkey: 8gi14E6ZJmth6mhauwmPHDTT8LeAZgMsYAwryjgUU9y9
===============================================================================
Save this seed phrase to recover your new keypair:
clarify slice lucky trouble coil believe caution debate wall pass north abandon
===============================================================================
```

#### **参数深度解析**

### 向指定地址空投 SOL（测试网代币）

```bash
buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ solana airdrop 0.01 8gi14E6ZJmth6mhauwmPHDTT8LeAZgMsYAwryjgUU9y9 --url devnet
Requesting airdrop of 0.01 SOL

Signature: 2DbiptsJVSy37y3DmTnqxfC84Am2LZ1ES6Mdc9uKLUW7TZeJvnFkuPST92Bpav8qmjavz9wq2s5S14ru2WsiycSa

0.01 SOL

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 11.3s 
➜ solana airdrop 1 8gi14E6ZJmth6mhauwmPHDTT8LeAZgMsYAwryjgUU9y9 --url devnet   
Requesting airdrop of 1 SOL

Signature: 514cVcKnxiQo6tA57kgLxFG4iJ93dRgt8V3HFKn16Ydi2yeaMA3Ax5FLNv5Gxc86vm83reMRdg4oZKU99Po36p6a

1.01 SOL
```

### **在Solana的Devnet测试网络上，为指定代币创建一个新的关联账户（Associated Token Account, ATA）**

```bash
secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-account Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe --owner H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k --url devnet --fee-payer ~/.config/solana/id.json  
Creating account 8QPaQ6AiLqyNuCL69PCQoUbfDNE7r9agiNnvdXzhmMRJ

Signature: 59nvJc67zJRXKz6w6WyzqrdsKbaJhgXz1oRTLhxvMNkMgCNPCr4QE5q814BKsey2PgqTxgEBY4GW1W49D5AaxonQ

secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-account Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe --owner CwuRGwa3wQbzSVJdKVjLs3Ygf54BXuNqtm45Pw1ajjN2 --url devnet --fee-payer ~/.config/solana/id.json 
Creating account 7zzrX4Wn3ovnyMmZ8tXutHrJobvTTWkUutfAb7mPBFiq

Signature: K4PR1fKtCshoNZBpx69X7YRqYc2KJnwSUbyBQYdTWsM2x4oGLTznZ4YNLwSi9B1hrFVs1bs6i7RT7SF5kHpz2nY

```

#### **参数说明**

### **查询指定钱包地址持有的特定代币余额**

```bash
secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 2.0s 
➜ spl-token balance Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe --owner CwuRGwa3wQbzSVJdKVjLs3Ygf54BXuNqtm45Pw1ajjN2                                            
101

```

## Token-2022 实操

### 创建代币并启用关闭 Mint 账户的能力

```bash
spl-token --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb create-token --enable-close
Creating token Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ under program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb

Address:  Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ
Decimals:  9

Signature: 4RKTy9BAyXh4PGgxttziZveAZFH3zxBCUYQvLxgW3nmsmcxx1PQC9NnJ4qB6ktxfhHVdFTQpp4EsxFe84ujy6hnh

```

https://solscan.io/tx/4RKTy9BAyXh4PGgxttziZveAZFH3zxBCUYQvLxgW3nmsmcxx1PQC9NnJ4qB6ktxfhHVdFTQpp4EsxFe84ujy6hnh?cluster=devnet

### 关闭 Mint 账户

**Note**: The supply on the mint must be 0.

```bash
spl-token close-mint Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ

Signature: 3i36vhAAq2sjPfVYzo3xtYdt5naFYCuKe6TsDzwqJSj1AD4WqAyotYKrPVM851J2hKwraCMjBL2fCoyDeCiVzNCM

```

https://solscan.io/tx/3i36vhAAq2sjPfVYzo3xtYdt5naFYCuKe6TsDzwqJSj1AD4WqAyotYKrPVM851J2hKwraCMjBL2fCoyDeCiVzNCM?cluster=devnet

### 查看 PayPal USD mintCloseAuthority

https://solscan.io/token/2b1kV6DkPAnxd5ixfnxCpjxmKwqjjaYmCZfHsFu24GXo#extensions

## 总结
通过这篇实战指南，我们从零开始玩转了 Web3 Solana 开发的全流程：从工具链配置到密钥生成，再到智能合约部署和代币创建，每一步都清晰可见。Solana 的高性能和灵活的代币功能为 Web3 创新提供了广阔舞台，而掌握这些技能，你就能在去中心化世界中大展身手。文章不仅提供了操作细节，还附上链上链接和参考资源，随时助你进阶。接下来，不妨试试更复杂的 Solana 项目，开启你的 Web3 冒险吧！

## 参考

- https://spl.solana.com/token-2022/extensions
- https://solscan.io/tx/4RKTy9BAyXh4PGgxttziZveAZFH3zxBCUYQvLxgW3nmsmcxx1PQC9NnJ4qB6ktxfhHVdFTQpp4EsxFe84ujy6hnh?cluster=devnet
- https://solscan.io/token/Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ?cluster=devnet#extensions
- https://spl.solana.com/token-2022
- https://github.com/solana-program/token-2022/blob/main/README.md
- https://github.com/solana-developers/program-examples/tree/main/tokens/token-2022
- https://github.com/solana-developers/program-examples/blob/main/tokens/token-2022/transfer-hook/whitelist/anchor/tests/transfer-hook.ts
- https://www.anchor-lang.com/docs/tokens/extensions
- https://github.com/solana-developers/program-examples/tree/main/tokens/token-2022
- https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor/tree/0e5285aecdf410fa0779b7cd09a47f235882c156/spl/src/token_2022_extensions
- https://www.anchor-lang.com/docs/references/account-types
- https://github.com/firechiang/solana-study
- https://github.com/Ellipsis-Labs/solana-verifiable-build?tab=readme-ov-file
- https://soldev.cn/topics/14

- https://www.npmjs.com/package/@solana/spl-token
- https://beta.solpg.io/
- https://github.com/Ellipsis-Labs/solana-verifiable-build
- https://solscan.io/token/Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/5Wcez6qMnY8nTyUnwaTUXoF59qWHcrAVK8usJhjnQurc6po6uupeoRt7hg1gXCoEsJL18LTNoiM599VYZLkyB49Q?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/5Det5VGmkQY67R9qL8JxAhurBXa17nvBDtZqdcuh98C97GNP93LSMrQdkHa71qQoEcm3Y7AX94ScJWrop3wF6dW6?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/675ARR4Riro9uaKNwVWMT4XAJiyAyjbN9A1gMGa29tBZsc2HpZvB4cnMcBJqh8epmLWuHP9o7XGEgrPkR1R94MFP?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/3GeEiTkbwmT5TcyBZiu2EwFEuSG86Qr7XS9ffPcTvMay9By1VcJddeK6UTv6puPD4s4cZM735ViV5RN2VYuxkhJf?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2JPm1XkCG6iER2vVp4EP4nNbo5LQPWsc9GDTuvuMgyMSCgbR4LMiqoZiprh67vAyTsas65Vuk6ugY6UAkamPqnCM?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/J6dgGPkC37LVYbxYxPEUr83h9QWqzd7jYPXaxqSuncA9VL2UC3rftnU7GspDjPqTnuk71T2MQVA5aFykv4osmM3?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/4vCBKAXy1T8FF2bPJ4U7tHAYs7ThwSpdSaMyB1EbEfZcX3SPhNDdWpnr6h8ptVjmzEXcMyS8UGXDKVtr1nx4uBxx?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/3HSUApzJdqEvFJCkZovUSGGEV7Y1caYgpzEzK1WjVQpfoZLEDr7kB3a6gKp3mUTGreHRFL8XVG2HBmCVreqkXK7C?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/247bZYoAbYWMrMh9C98jGV4JRFg75kp6zbRdV4xAQmfBs6CAh1vR2YQ3DfN3tDegLCWUT8e7rUuHSYWVqmRQ1GeQ?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/5eZxozWgr26gQQCX5YZjVXkUQEFbGaG9N84KA8qm4J5AvMzk9QkRNurDaRHg66K2sbYSfqBTfACNaWXRefrFiNmw?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/5UZAabRXQSeHntYdCxapziKD4dCAbSGDaQMumXSdXJfS9eYrV5R6saffx7Z6m1WuqotYRV1sNFM5dL7emyjSAEm3?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2bPcHPHxCXCvu7C97QbRfuBGKmYCcMpmewpypCVpgHBTgMthetJtE3j9iQgq1yiJvKbJAi993PjZY7nsDWjk14iX?cluster=devnet

- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/4cG1aJjNgvx6vQMxazMjzaeFgvUEyUieajCken2ARajsYuRtSiYwSmENezs3rJ7mURvcYd1caeKr1gojzjWWiwYR?cluster=devnet

- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/5Aj2Bv4LT9Ga3PREz92ms15jBEU9JmGPbxz4hmUxSdqi4fNtGdfmgvkvPuSYziKir42ShVcbCK6EjEjfc2vfakM7?cluster=devnet

- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/4HyVbTLnAD76gXMWYnKHF7qfq6UKJbX4jCbFdg2JxEyeVX7jnnh5L1hbXuYZrefs6AC2HCuRCjq2HLCK6WdRnYgM?cluster=devnet

- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/4wcpV24tdGQAjaS6k46KMxLG44PiuS4xaaXvbLKkvVEMd5BSEFL14eTMLxRRZvwyW41vmjZBBqCDstXppBHtkXq4?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/gqrVKtsqJ2tpiBWiEdfg8gc2T47TwsZpbAD31uwE4T4txqDYV9yATtws7F5ntyLRRQmyX8PSucBx6u1Q4bThJAz?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/4QkhnajbDoPQY9Fw1KUvarmmM5uHYaAMaD5tAk8xmpeJ8qX17FEJ2yLojsVcSy8r43coLep1sVfbne8zPjkihjqB?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/frFFqXHXMcX26UdJRkebHYzMEaZMWDubFB2un61XgitExSCKurnF4QDkxTd55G769CFAzrB7kpyWVNxxcg1w1gb?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2dg5ZrwK5qyZACnr7gKghQJmohAz7WpnMUFxY4hAa75FucfhvZ6FNWCypH7tF144f8B4jguboJ1WYyHYe2FwubQ7?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2XE41q1AuEgrPW97Z8fxEBU3fDQmZyQCj1Q83JfSbzmHSTBiQHLreCy56EAm7wBEKRVoSF4x8fyeqE8hdMDEbXdG?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/3GDsPPyW5hSEXue3Aikdh4qSUP96cGAb4nYvbi49zUChrqE6hYZKD6HM4M4Nx76apQU5pVnhgiv6eb4pJPkUEEac?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/4yX9JYT5BcyL3sB1pdhkZQ4JvGs9riwyFSWGNQYrPr8aY6fq7v4xXcxtdkEZUBq5hJjg16wvxhm6Si8r93gR23n6?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/3AL9zTMVGbwu9t5QGTsY9xbdqd6MZqqSJsrD9S8aKak6VgEGpVKQSYc9yB9GKk7URVNPQtaC8nPKN7U3LgGEfdxT?cluster=devnet

- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/3DEiwc5eAuawbYu7AxEFdWNkyn2pXn2VFYsoDvtv57KeNRDKWMeuWdTx6KfyqZz6ahgSdWW63ypDmKfXPRH7jXT1?cluster=devnet
- https://explorer.solana.com/tx/G9GTsZzTmNzBcG2BoV5KNRom2DCAvmytpJBS1tX869iixHC3povQknTCdNso11cEwvecHZB6y27rfiD6fD7tY9C?cluster=devnet

玩转 Web3 Solana：从零到代币开发

Web3 浪潮席卷而来，Solana 凭借超高性能和低成本，成为开发者探索去中心化世界的热门选择。想从零开始玩转 Solana，打造属于自己的代币项目吗？这篇文章将带你一步步走进 Solana 开发的世界，从工具安装到代币创建，手把手带你体验 Web3 的魅力。不管你是小白还是老手，这里都有你需要的干货，快来一起解锁 Solana 的无限可能吧！

实操

安装与查看 Solana 相关工具

更新Solana CLI 工具链

agave-install update
  ✨ Update successful to stable commit f07a1e8

检查当前安装的 Solana CLI 版本号

solana --version

solana-cli 2.1.17 (src:f07a1e80; feat:3271415109, client:Agave)
solana -V
solana-cli 2.1.17 (src:f07a1e80; feat:3271415109, client:Agave)

检查当前安装的 SBF（Solana 区块链程序框架）工具链版本

cargo build-sbf -V
solana-cargo-build-sbf 2.1.17
platform-tools v1.43
rustc 1.79.0

查看当前安装的 Rust 编译器（rustc）的版本号

rustc -V
rustc 1.85.1 (4eb161250 2025-03-15)

检查当前安装的 Anchor CLI 工具版本

anchor --version
anchor-cli 0.31.0
anchor -V
anchor-cli 0.31.0

查看当前默认地址

solana address
6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD

buy-restrictor/client on  master [?] is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ solana address                                                                        
6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD

查看 Solana 默认钱包密钥文件的详细信息

ll ~/.config/solana/id.json 
-rw-------  1 qiaopengjun  staff   226B Feb 20  2024 /Users/qiaopengjun/.config/solana/id.json

查询当前默认钱包地址的 SOL 余额

solana balance
100.18518034 SOL

查看当前 Solana 配置的详细信息

solana config get 是 Solana CLI 中的一个命令，用于查看当前 Solana 配置的详细信息，包括默认的 RPC 节点、钱包路径和网络设置。

solana config get
Config File: /Users/qiaopengjun/.config/solana/cli/config.yml
RPC URL: https://api.devnet.solana.com 
WebSocket URL: wss://api.devnet.solana.com/ (computed)
Keypair Path: /Users/qiaopengjun/.config/solana/id.json 
Commitment: confirmed

获取智能合约的 Program ID（程序地址）

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ solana address -k target/deploy/buy_restrictor-keypair.json 
6ySTWR3Yf278usLzZRPXswdBcHrfyY6seb24Etxwph4f

查看 Solana 智能合约的密钥对文件内容

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ cat target/deploy/buy_restrictor-keypair.json              
[155,71,21,122,135,204,91,244,135,51,144,142,136,90,129,188,150,237,4,203,65,17,8,6,207,110,23,76,79,62,57,184,88,191,190,137,101,105,152,191,142,81,72,155,71,134,244,193,182,104,228,166,172,180,153,50,49,7,194,50,74,141,54,204]%

列出当前项目中所有程序的 Program ID（程序地址）

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ anchor keys list
buy_restrictor: 6ySTWR3Yf278usLzZRPXswdBcHrfyY6seb24Etxwph4f

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ anchor keys list
buy_restrictor: H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM

生成一个新的 Solana 钱包密钥对，并将其保存到指定文件

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ solana-keygen new -o new.json
Generating a new keypair

For added security, enter a BIP39 passphrase

NOTE! This passphrase improves security of the recovery seed phrase NOT the
keypair file itself, which is stored as insecure plain text

BIP39 Passphrase (empty for none): 

Wrote new keypair to new.json
===============================================================================
pubkey: H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM
===============================================================================
Save this seed phrase and your BIP39 passphrase to recover your new keypair:
usual daughter question found arch absent term spawn runway sphere spin despair
===============================================================================

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base took 9.1s 
➜ ls
buy_restrictor-keypair.json buy_restrictor.so           new.json

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ mv new.json buy_restrictor-keypair.json 

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ ls
buy_restrictor-keypair.json buy_restrictor.so

获取指定密钥对文件（`.json`）对应的 Solana 公钥地址

buy-restrictor/target/deploy on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ solana address -k buy_restrictor-keypair.json              
H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM

自动同步项目中所有程序的 Program ID（程序地址）

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ anchor keys sync                                 
Found incorrect program id declaration in "/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/solana-code/2025/buy-restrictor/programs/buy-restrictor/src/lib.rs"
Updated to H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM

Found incorrect program id declaration in Anchor.toml for the program `buy_restrictor`
Updated to H1tuY9Lwu2hkz8Bap6gbNAoj9GvQ23s9KgowiTWvYmtM

All program id declarations are synced.
Please rebuild the program to update the generated artifacts.

编译 Solana 智能合约项目，生成部署所需的程序密钥和二进制文件

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base took 14.9s 
➜ anchor build
    Finished `release` profile [optimized] target(s) in 0.39s
    Finished `test` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.46s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/solana-code/2025/buy-restrictor/target/debug/deps/buy_restrictor-6b544dadb31b7c3c)

详细列出 Solana 项目编译后生成的部署文件

ll target/deploy
# 等效于：
ls -l target/deploy

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ ll target/deploy            
total 464
-rw-------  1 qiaopengjun  staff   233B Mar 26 20:33 buy_restrictor-keypair.json
-rwxr-xr-x  1 qiaopengjun  staff   225K Mar 26 22:25 buy_restrictor.so

检测 `buy_restrictor.so` 文件的类型和格式。

file target/deploy/buy_restrictor.so 是 Linux/Unix 系统命令，用于检测 buy_restrictor.so 文件的类型和格式。对于 Solana 智能合约编译后的 .so 文件，输出结果会揭示其底层二进制结构。

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 via 🅒 base 
➜ file target/deploy/buy_restrictor.so 
target/deploy/buy_restrictor.so: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, eBPF, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, stripped

在 Solana 区块链上创建新的 SPL 代币

spl-token create-token 是 Solana 的 SPL Token 命令行工具中的命令，用于在 Solana 区块链上创建新的 SPL 代币（同质化代币，如 USDC 这类可互换代币）。

buy-restrictor/client on  master [?] is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-token                                               
Creating token Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe under program TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA

Address:  Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
Decimals:  9

Signature: tgV38oEFfEyoupbxXTHsjbp7wjivuYCJaEexN8eE84Cf1ss2QStvYfitNwnYHFUgWVENpiyAyfDJuUbK4mNXEDy

https://solscan.io/token/Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe?cluster=devnet

https://solscan.io/tx/tgV38oEFfEyoupbxXTHsjbp7wjivuYCJaEexN8eE84Cf1ss2QStvYfitNwnYHFUgWVENpiyAyfDJuUbK4mNXEDy?cluster=devnet

为指定的 SPL 代币（Token Mint）创建关联账户（Associated Token Account, ATA）

术语	说明
代币 Mint 地址	代币的唯一标识（由 `spl-token create-token` 创建）
关联代币账户 (ATA)	每个钱包对每个代币有唯一的存储账户，格式为派生地址
原生账户	必须存在才能接收/持有对应代币

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-account Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
Creating account 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1

Signature: 3Y1pMZUybRk59fXGKrxhDJmGhK2PFPGnXcxBuUyV5wYfZRcC9BfWcrTpPYwVjRBSDTFeNNxUhstzpuUAQThrV88A

ATA 地址 = 钱包地址 + 代币 Mint 地址 + 固定种子（"associated-token-account"）

钱包地址 → 关联 → ATA 地址 → 绑定 → Token Mint 地址。

向指定代币（Token Mint）铸造新代币并存入目标账户

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 3.2s 
➜ spl-token mint Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe 100 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1                                            
Minting 100 tokens
  Token: Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
  Recipient: 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1

Signature: 34r7ne14yr8H6FJtUkRkS9dEbifJcMPcHUScRTqFBa8xeJCpx8VYgua1nXbxjv1dbUkjGzdEhVjZXjALgzvupS5V

secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token mint Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe 100 7zzrX4Wn3ovnyMmZ8tXutHrJobvTTWkUutfAb7mPBFiq                                            
Minting 100 tokens
  Token: Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
  Recipient: 7zzrX4Wn3ovnyMmZ8tXutHrJobvTTWkUutfAb7mPBFiq

Signature: 4oBteNo6DNHRdPB1tWyjhiuLDDnZHUw3vyxGPZZocZ1Minbz6V3tmKJoXyRz379Tr1JH58voouBGG6FvLvpAqb5d

列出当前钱包持有的所有 SPL 代币账户及其余额

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 3.4s 
➜ spl-token accounts
Token                                         Balance
-----------------------------------------------------
SNumWwVm1XCYZhupdHGYhG3MSfXTq1PJLm24nZVqTLk   1  
3jT7QdVfPh3isZA9Qfu6hcPRd1ATTkSbzaTs1qf3bxPG  1  
4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU  20 
8BQHSWLd2vNJbiqd2DciWgrsyfG8AiL3T1Fc1hreXMsq  1  
E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx  88 
Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe  100
Fmt6FhmA9QQxkhgDBZJvSgZNH44VaQL9uecr9B7Zwufj  1

查询特定 SPL 代币（Token Mint）当前总供应量

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token supply Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe      
100

查询当前默认钱包中特定 SPL 代币余额

spl-token balance &lt;代币Mint地址>
# 示例：
spl-token balance Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token balance Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
100

查询 SPL 代币账户（Token Account）的完整链上信息

solana-code/2025/client is 📦 1.0.0 via ⬢ v22.1.0 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token account-info Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe

SPL Token Account
  Address: 8yno4sSTn1Reh3uRdNiEWmRJ17zZ7Y4W1Ace1bJarYr1
  Program: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA
  Balance: 100
  Decimals: 9
  Mint: Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe
  Owner: 6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD
  State: Initialized
  Delegation: (not set)
  Close authority: (not set)

创建一个精度为 0 的 SPL 代币（每个代币不可分割，适合 NFT 或整数型代币）

➜ spl-token create-token --decimals 0

创建一个默认启用冻结功能的SPL代币

➜ spl-token create-token --enable-freeze

生成一个不关联助记词的ED25519密钥对文件

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ solana-keygen new --no-bip39-passphrase --outfile token_pool_keypair.json
Generating a new keypair
Wrote new keypair to token_pool_keypair.json
===============================================================================
pubkey: 8gi14E6ZJmth6mhauwmPHDTT8LeAZgMsYAwryjgUU9y9
===============================================================================
Save this seed phrase to recover your new keypair:
clarify slice lucky trouble coil believe caution debate wall pass north abandon
===============================================================================

参数深度解析

参数	作用	使用场景
`--no-bip39-passphrase`	禁用助记词生成	自动化部署
`--outfile`	指定密钥保存路径	自定义密钥目录
`--force` (可选)	覆盖已存在文件	密钥轮换时使用

向指定地址空投 SOL（测试网代币）

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ solana airdrop 0.01 8gi14E6ZJmth6mhauwmPHDTT8LeAZgMsYAwryjgUU9y9 --url devnet
Requesting airdrop of 0.01 SOL

Signature: 2DbiptsJVSy37y3DmTnqxfC84Am2LZ1ES6Mdc9uKLUW7TZeJvnFkuPST92Bpav8qmjavz9wq2s5S14ru2WsiycSa

0.01 SOL

buy-restrictor on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 11.3s 
➜ solana airdrop 1 8gi14E6ZJmth6mhauwmPHDTT8LeAZgMsYAwryjgUU9y9 --url devnet   
Requesting airdrop of 1 SOL

Signature: 514cVcKnxiQo6tA57kgLxFG4iJ93dRgt8V3HFKn16Ydi2yeaMA3Ax5FLNv5Gxc86vm83reMRdg4oZKU99Po36p6a

1.01 SOL

在Solana的Devnet测试网络上，为指定代币创建一个新的关联账户（Associated Token Account, ATA）

secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-account Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe --owner H6Su7YsGK5mMASrZvJ51nt7oBzD88V8FKSBPNnRG1u3k --url devnet --fee-payer ~/.config/solana/id.json  
Creating account 8QPaQ6AiLqyNuCL69PCQoUbfDNE7r9agiNnvdXzhmMRJ

Signature: 59nvJc67zJRXKz6w6WyzqrdsKbaJhgXz1oRTLhxvMNkMgCNPCr4QE5q814BKsey2PgqTxgEBY4GW1W49D5AaxonQ

secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ spl-token create-account Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe --owner CwuRGwa3wQbzSVJdKVjLs3Ygf54BXuNqtm45Pw1ajjN2 --url devnet --fee-payer ~/.config/solana/id.json 
Creating account 7zzrX4Wn3ovnyMmZ8tXutHrJobvTTWkUutfAb7mPBFiq

Signature: K4PR1fKtCshoNZBpx69X7YRqYc2KJnwSUbyBQYdTWsM2x4oGLTznZ4YNLwSi9B1hrFVs1bs6i7RT7SF5kHpz2nY

参数说明

参数	作用	备注
`Fgxp6...4GEe`	代币的Mint地址	要创建关联账户的代币
`--owner`	指定账户所有者	目标钱包地址
`--url devnet`	在Devnet网络操作	也可用完整RPC URL
`--fee-payer`	支付交易费的密钥	默认使用config设置

查询指定钱包地址持有的特定代币余额

secure_token_sale on  master [?] via ⬢ v22.1.0 via 🦀 1.85.1 on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 2.0s 
➜ spl-token balance Fgxp6CWJnUfmt66vaHzjNf4SFPoG23PmFEb1MXcr4GEe --owner CwuRGwa3wQbzSVJdKVjLs3Ygf54BXuNqtm45Pw1ajjN2                                            
101

Token-2022 实操

创建代币并启用关闭 Mint 账户的能力

spl-token --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb create-token --enable-close
Creating token Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ under program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb

Address:  Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ
Decimals:  9

Signature: 4RKTy9BAyXh4PGgxttziZveAZFH3zxBCUYQvLxgW3nmsmcxx1PQC9NnJ4qB6ktxfhHVdFTQpp4EsxFe84ujy6hnh

https://solscan.io/tx/4RKTy9BAyXh4PGgxttziZveAZFH3zxBCUYQvLxgW3nmsmcxx1PQC9NnJ4qB6ktxfhHVdFTQpp4EsxFe84ujy6hnh?cluster=devnet

关闭 Mint 账户

Note: The supply on the mint must be 0.

spl-token close-mint Eoy68rekZ22g3kucXXPLoPJgaoqv5B2KJN7AJCWNYpCJ

Signature: 3i36vhAAq2sjPfVYzo3xtYdt5naFYCuKe6TsDzwqJSj1AD4WqAyotYKrPVM851J2hKwraCMjBL2fCoyDeCiVzNCM

https://solscan.io/tx/3i36vhAAq2sjPfVYzo3xtYdt5naFYCuKe6TsDzwqJSj1AD4WqAyotYKrPVM851J2hKwraCMjBL2fCoyDeCiVzNCM?cluster=devnet

查看 PayPal USD mintCloseAuthority

https://solscan.io/token/2b1kV6DkPAnxd5ixfnxCpjxmKwqjjaYmCZfHsFu24GXo#extensions

总结

通过这篇实战指南，我们从零开始玩转了 Web3 Solana 开发的全流程：从工具链配置到密钥生成，再到智能合约部署和代币创建，每一步都清晰可见。Solana 的高性能和灵活的代币功能为 Web3 创新提供了广阔舞台，而掌握这些技能，你就能在去中心化世界中大展身手。文章不仅提供了操作细节，还附上链上链接和参考资源，随时助你进阶。接下来，不妨试试更复杂的 Solana 项目，开启你的 Web3 冒险吧！

参考

原创
学分: 25
分类: Solana
标签: Solana Web3

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玩转 Web3 Solana：从零到代币开发

玩转 Web3 Solana：从零到代币开发

实操

安装与查看 Solana 相关工具

更新Solana CLI 工具链

检查当前安装的 Solana CLI 版本号

检查当前安装的 SBF（Solana 区块链程序框架）工具链版本

查看当前安装的 Rust 编译器（rustc）的版本号

检查当前安装的 Anchor CLI 工具版本

查看当前默认地址

查看 Solana 默认钱包密钥文件的详细信息

查询当前默认钱包地址的 SOL 余额

查看当前 Solana 配置的详细信息

获取智能合约的 Program ID（程序地址）

查看 Solana 智能合约的密钥对文件内容

列出当前项目中所有程序的 Program ID（程序地址）

生成一个新的 Solana 钱包密钥对，并将其保存到指定文件

获取指定密钥对文件（.json）对应的 Solana 公钥地址

自动同步项目中所有程序的 Program ID（程序地址）

编译 Solana 智能合约项目，生成部署所需的程序密钥和二进制文件

详细列出 Solana 项目编译后生成的部署文件

检测 buy_restrictor.so 文件的类型和格式。

在 Solana 区块链上创建新的 SPL 代币

为指定的 SPL 代币（Token Mint）创建关联账户（Associated Token Account, ATA）

向指定代币（Token Mint）铸造新代币并存入目标账户

列出当前钱包持有的所有 SPL 代币账户及其余额

查询特定 SPL 代币（Token Mint）当前总供应量

查询当前默认钱包中特定 SPL 代币余额

查询 SPL 代币账户（Token Account）的完整链上信息

创建一个精度为 0 的 SPL 代币（每个代币不可分割，适合 NFT 或整数型代币）

创建一个默认启用冻结功能的SPL代币

生成一个不关联助记词的ED25519密钥对文件

参数深度解析

向指定地址空投 SOL（测试网代币）

在Solana的Devnet测试网络上，为指定代币创建一个新的关联账户（Associated Token Account, ATA）

参数说明

查询指定钱包地址持有的特定代币余额

Token-2022 实操

创建代币并启用关闭 Mint 账户的能力

关闭 Mint 账户

查看 PayPal USD mintCloseAuthority

总结

参考

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专栏: Solana

文章目录

获取指定密钥对文件（`.json`）对应的 Solana 公钥地址

检测 `buy_restrictor.so` 文件的类型和格式。