如何从零开始搭建一个Truffle框架的DAPP应用
技术小白如何开发一个DAPP区块链应用(以宠物商店为例) 介绍了如何获取宠物商店的TRUFLLE框架代码,并完成部署的过程。 但是这个是已经成熟的代码框架,一般用户要开发自己的项目。那如何借用宠物商店成熟框架完成自有DAPP的搭建呢?我们以tiny熊老师的一个姓名/年龄智能合约用例来呈现方法。
我们要实现一个用户姓名和年纪的输入和呈现页面,能更新智能合约上的用户名和年龄。重新输入用户名和年纪,点击按钮可更新智能合约的这2个变量信息。
首先创建好目录,下载宠物商店的代码框架。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work$ mkdir name-age
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work$ cd name-age
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ truffle unbox pet-shop
Downloading...
Unpacking...
Setting up...
Unbox successful. Sweet!
Commands:
Compile: truffle compile
Migrate: truffle migrate
Test contracts: truffle test
Run dev server: npm run dev
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$
新建一个InfoContract.sol智能合约文件,并把它更新到./contracts目录下。
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
contract InfoContract {
string name;
uint age;
event Instructor(string name, uint age);
function setInfo(string _name, uint _age) public {
name = _name;
age = _age;
emit Instructor(name, age);
}
function getInfo() public view returns(string, uint) {
return (name, age);
}
}
1) 增加合约部署测试 文件2_info_contract.js到./migrations目录,代码如下,表示contract InfoContract合约部署。
var MyContract = artifacts.require("./InfoContract.sol");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
// deployment steps
deployer.deploy(MyContract);
};
2) 增加测试文件
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
import "truffle/Assert.sol";
import "truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol";
import "../contracts/InfoContract.sol";
contract TestInfoContract {
InfoContract info = InfoContract(DeployedAddresses.InfoContract());
string name;
uint age;
function testInfo() {
info.setInfo("ABC", 10);
(name, age) = info.getInfo();
Assert.equal(name, "ABC", "设置名字出错");
Assert.equal(age, 10, "设置年龄出错");
}
}
module.exports = {
// See <http://truffleframework.com/docs/advanced/configuration>
// for more about customizing your Truffle configuration!
networks: {
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*" // Match any network id
}
}
};
否则测试时会有找不到客户端提示。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ truffle test
Could not connect to your Ethereum client. Please check that your Ethereum client:
- is running
- is accepting RPC connections (i.e., "--rpc" option is used in geth)
- is accessible over the network
- is properly configured in your Truffle configuration file (truffle.js)
1)参考宠物商店的文章代码,在一个窗口启动一个ganache-cli 钱包。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ cd ..
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work$ ganache-cli >>trace.log
2)编译智能合约 然后启动另外一个窗口命令行,输入一下命令。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ truffle compile
Compiling ./contracts/InfoContract.sol...
Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol...
Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
智能合约验收命令。
测试成功的提示说明:
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ truffle test
Using network 'development'.
Compiling ./contracts/InfoContract.sol...
Compiling ./test/TestInfoContract.sol...
Compiling truffle/Assert.sol...
Compiling truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol...
Compilation warnings encountered:
/home/duncanwang/work/name-age/test/TestInfoContract.sol:12:4: Warning: No visibility specified. Defaulting to "public".
function testInfo() {
^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).
TestInfoContract
✓ testInfo (838ms)
1 passing (5s)
完成以下2个文件的修改更新和上传。 1) index.html 把宠物商店的index.html的代码删除,替换为本文需要的框架代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>First Truffle DApp Demo</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1> First Truffle DApp Demo</h1>
<h2 id="info"></h2>
<img id="loader" src="https://loading.io/spinners/double-ring/lg.double-ring-spinner.gif">
<label for="name" class="col-lg-2 control-label">姓名:</label>
<input id="name" type="text">
<label for="name" class="col-lg-2 control-label">年龄:</label>
<input id="age" type="text">
<button id="button">更新</button>
</div>
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/web3.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/truffle-contract.js"></script>
<script src="js/app.js"></script>
2) app.js 然后修改app.js的代码,完成智能合约的执行和调用作用。
App = {
web3Provider: null,
contracts: {},
init: function() {
return App.initWeb3();
},
/*加载web3*/
initWeb3: function() {
if (typeof web3 !== 'undefined') {
App.web3Provider = web3.currentProvider
web3 = new Web3(App.web3Provider);
} else {
App.web3Provider = new Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://localhost:9545")
web3 = new Web3(App.web3Provider);
}
return App.initContract();
},
/*初始化合约,获取合约,不需要使用at()的方式;
显示合约的姓名和年龄信息*/
initContract: function() {
$.getJSON('InfoContract.json', function(data){
App.contracts.InfoContract = TruffleContract(data);
App.contracts.InfoContract.setProvider(App.web3Provider);
App.getInfo();
App.watchChanged();
});
App.bindEvents();
},
getInfo: function() {
App.contracts.InfoContract.deployed().then(function(instance) {
return instance.getInfo.call();
}).then(function(result) {
$("#loader").hide();
$("#info").html(result[0]+' ('+result[1]+' years old)');
console.log(result);
}).catch(function(err) {
console.error(err);
});
},
/*点击按钮更新姓名和年龄,则需要更新到智能合约上*/
bindEvents: function() {
$("#button").click(function() {
$("#loader").show();
App.contracts.InfoContract.deployed().then(function(instance) {
return instance.setInfo($("#name").val(), $("#age").val(), {gas: 500000});
}).then(function(result) {
return App.getInfo();
} ).catch(function(err) {
console.error(err);
});
});
},
watchChanged: function() {
App.contracts.InfoContract.deployed().then(function(instance) {
var infoEvent = instance.Instructor();
return infoEvent.watch(function(err, result) {
$("#loader").hide();
$("#info").html(result.args.name +' ('+ result.args.age +' years old)');
});
});
}
}
$(function(){
$(window).load(function() {
App.init();
});
});
1) 部署合约 合约部署成功。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ truffle migrate
Using network 'development'.
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying Migrations...
... 0x5b3cd41a7fa7c58361172ac797412469a10edfbe721d8d81988f19282c9cb6e4
Migrations: 0x92b6ecd23aa98fad36926c12ec701f9aaa0933f4
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0x826fcd5b72b48435bf4f9941305727e52b0b7290631ba7b39f642027b1ee6947
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_info_contract.js
Deploying InfoContract...
... 0x9943dd7b90207bd9fd1e85524d1d0227f18a92269d73f5a2141cb71c22dda1e9
InfoContract: 0x191391c710e1b632e40b4f2267dbc0f3bdb2bed4
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0x7e11f6e32585524e338e73439e4026c7c766625e5d23d56a4c90f8a11e5001ed
Saving artifacts...
2)安装并启动lite-server 1] 安装lite-server 【定义】lite-server 是轻量级的,仅适用于开发 的 node 服务器, 它仅支持 web app。 它能够为你打开浏览器, 当你的html或是JavaScript文件变化时,它会识别到并自动帮你刷新浏览器, 还能使用套接字自动注入变化的CSS, 当路由没有被找到时,它将自动后退页面。 参考 第一课 如何在WINDOWS环境下搭建以太坊开发环境 ,完成MetaMask和liteServer的安装。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ npm install lite-server --save-dev
成功安装的输出结果如下:
npm WARN pet-shop@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN pet-shop@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@1.2.4 (node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for fsevents@1.2.4: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"ia32"})
+ lite-server@2.4.0
added 342 packages from 273 contributors in 56.82s
2] 在新的窗口完成lite-server的启动。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/name-age$ npm run dev
> pet-shop@1.0.0 dev /home/duncanwang/work/name-age
> lite-server
** browser-sync config **
{ injectChanges: false,
files: [ './**/*.{html,htm,css,js}' ],
watchOptions: { ignored: 'node_modules' },
server:
{ baseDir: [ './src', './build/contracts' ],
middleware: [ [Function], [Function] ] } }
[Browsersync] Access URLs:
--------------------------------------
Local: http://localhost:3000
External: http://10.225.18.149:3000
--------------------------------------
UI: http://localhost:3001
UI External: http://localhost:3001
--------------------------------------
[Browsersync] Serving files from: ./src
[Browsersync] Serving files from: ./build/contracts
[Browsersync] Watching files...
4)更新姓名和年龄 输入框输入姓名和年龄:王登辉,18 ,点击更新按钮,会弹出MEATMASK的交易提示,确认交易。
确认交易后,姓名和年龄信息会更新。
本文仅从操作层面讲解了如何利用宠物商店的模板样例,快速重构一个含前端的DAPP页面。 具体WEB.3J的接口函数及定义,参考文章 《第十一课 从宠物商店案例看DAPP架构和WEB3.JS交互接口》 。 所有工程的源码已上传到知识星球,有需要的同学可加入下载。
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