本文档是一个关于 zkVM(零知识虚拟机)的精选列表,zkVM 是一种允许在不泄露隐私数据的前提下进行计算的技术。该列表包含 zkVM 项目、技术细节、性能基准、相关论文、资源、教程和工具,旨在为开发者、研究人员和对零知识证明技术感兴趣的受众提供有价值的参考。
markdown <div align="center"> <h1 align="center">超棒的 zkVM</h1>
一份精选的 zkVM,零知识虚拟机清单。
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欢迎提出贡献和建议;请就你希望进行的任何更改提出问题或 pull request。
[!NOTE] 由 @0xpiapark 和 @alexanderlhicks 维护。某些细节可能已过时;请随时提出问题或 PR。有关公平跟踪方法的讨论,请参阅未解决的问题。
n+1
的证明包括片段 n
的验证者的证明)。每个片段的证明的自包含程度(没有从一个片段传递到另一个片段的承诺)以及它的并行化效率(线程间通信最少)因一个实现而异。zkVM | ISA | Continuations(延续) | Parallelizable Proving(可并行化证明) | Precompiles(预编译) | GPU | Frontend(前端) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cairo | Cairo | :x: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | Cairo | |
ceno | RISC-V | :x: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | Rust | |
eigen zkvm | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Circom, PIL |
jolt | RISC-V | :x: | :x: | :x: | Rust | |
miden | MASM(Miden Assembly) | :x: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust, Wasm |
mozak vm | RISC-V | :x: | :x: | :x: | Rust | |
nexus | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust | |
o1vm | MIPS | :x: | :x: | :x: | Go | |
olavm | Ola Assembly | :x: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | Ola Assembly | |
openvm | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust | |
pico | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust | |
powdrVM | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | ASM assembly | |
risc0 | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust |
sp1 | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust |
sphinx | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust, Lurk | |
triton vm | Triton Assembly | :x: | :x: | :x: | Triton Assembly | |
valida | Valida | :x: | :x: | :x: | Rust, C | |
zisk | RISC-V | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | PIL | |
zkm | MIPS | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | Rust, Go | |
zkWasm | Wasm | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | C, C++, rust, etc (wasm compilable) |
<details> <summary><b>证明系统</b></summary>
zkVM | Arithmetization(算术化) | Optimizations(优化) | Backends(后端) | Verifiers(验证者) |
---|---|---|---|---|
cairo | AIR | FRI | ||
ceno | GKR | Lookup, Sumcheck | Brakedown | Rust |
eigen zkvm | eAIR | FRI, Groth16 | Solidity | |
jolt | R1CS | Lookup, Sumcheck, Offline Mem Check | Spartan | WASM |
miden | AIR (winterfell) | Lookup, | Winterfell | Rust |
mozak vm | AIR (Starky) | Lookup, | FRI | Rust |
nexus | Folded Accumulated Relaxed R1CS | Accumulated Folding | Spartan + {Zeromorph, PSE-Halo2 (KZG)} | Rust |
o1vm | Plonkish | Lookup | IPA | Rust |
olavm | AIR (plonky2) | Lookup | FRI | Rust |
openvm | AIR (plonky3), GKR | FRI | Rust | |
pico | AIR (plonky3) | Lookup | FRI | Rust, Solidity |
powdrVM | AIR -ish (PIL, plonky3) | - | PSE-Halo2 (KZG), Plonky3, FRI(eSTARK) | Solidity |
risc0 | PLONK | Plookup | DEEP-FRI & ALI | Rust, Solidity |
sp1 | AIR (plonky3) | Lookup | FRI | Rust, Solidity |
sphinx | AIR (core), PLONK (wrap) | Lookup, | FRI | Rust |
triton vm | AIR | Lookup, Contiguity | FRI | Rust |
valida | AIR (plonky3) | FRI | ? | |
zisk | ? | ? | ? | ? |
zkm | AIR (plonky2) | Lookup, | FRI | Rust |
zkWasm | PLONK | - | IPA? | Rust |
</details>
- 原文链接: github.com/rkdud007/awes...
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