Solidity多重签名合约：打造超安全的区块链投票机制

天涯学馆
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Solidity里怎么搞一个多重签名（Multi-Signature，简称多签）合约。这玩意儿在区块链世界里可是个硬核工具，特别适合需要多人共同决策的场景，比如团队控制资金、公司治理、或者去中心化组织（DAO）的投票。多签合约的核心是：没得到足够的人同意，任何操作都别想执行，安全得像个铁桶！多签合

Solidity里怎么搞一个多重签名（Multi-Signature，简称多签）合约。这玩意儿在区块链世界里可是个硬核工具，特别适合需要多人共同决策的场景，比如团队控制资金、公司治理、或者去中心化组织（DAO）的投票。多签合约的核心是：没得到足够的人同意，任何操作都别想执行，安全得像个铁桶！

## 多签合约核心概念

先来搞明白多签合约的几个关键点：

- **多重签名（Multi-Signature）**：需要多个账户（称为“所有者”或“签名者”）对操作（如转账、调用合约）进行确认才能执行。
- **提案（Transaction）**：每项操作（如转ETH、调用函数）作为一个提案，记录目标地址、数据、金额等。
- **确认（Confirmation）**：所有者对提案投票，达到指定数量的确认后执行。
- **安全机制**：
    - **防止重入**：避免外部合约重复调用。
    - **权限控制**：只有所有者能提交或确认提案。
    - **状态管理**：确保提案不被重复执行。
- **OpenZeppelin**：提供安全的工具库，如`ReentrancyGuard`和`Ownable`。
- **Solidity 0.8.x**：自带溢出/下溢检查，减少安全隐患。
- **Hardhat**：开发和测试工具，支持编译、部署、测试。

咱们用Solidity 0.8.20，结合OpenZeppelin和Hardhat，写一个多签合约，包含提案提交、确认、执行、撤销等功能。

## 环境准备

用Hardhat搭建开发环境，写和测试合约。

```bash
mkdir multisig-demo
cd multisig-demo
npm init -y
npm install --save-dev hardhat @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox @openzeppelin/contracts
npm install ethers
```

初始化Hardhat：

```bash
npx hardhat init
```

选择TypeScript项目，安装依赖：

```bash
npm install --save-dev ts-node typescript @types/node @types/mocha
```

目录结构：

```
multisig-demo/
├── contracts/
│   ├── MultiSigWallet.sol
│   ├── AdvancedMultiSig.sol
├── scripts/
│   ├── deploy.ts
├── test/
│   ├── MultiSigWallet.test.ts
├── hardhat.config.ts
├── tsconfig.json
├── package.json
```

`tsconfig.json`：

```json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2020",
    "module": "CommonJS",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "rootDir": "./"
  },
  "include": ["hardhat.config.ts", "scripts", "test"]
}
```

`hardhat.config.ts`：

```typescript
import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox";

const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
  solidity: "0.8.20",
  networks: {
    hardhat: {
      chainId: 1337,
    },
  },
};

export default config;
```

跑本地节点：

```bash
npx hardhat node
```

## 基础多签合约

先写一个简单的多签合约，支持ETH转账。

### 合约代码

`contracts/MultiSigWallet.sol`：

```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract MultiSigWallet is ReentrancyGuard {
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;
    mapping(uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public confirmations;

struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 confirmationCount;
    }

event SubmitTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed to, uint256 value, bytes data);
    event ConfirmTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event ExecuteTransaction(uint256 indexed txId);
    event RevokeConfirmation(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);

modifier onlyOwner() {
        bool isOwner = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == msg.sender) {
                isOwner = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        require(isOwner, "Not owner");
        _;
    }

constructor(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) {
        require(_owners.length > 0, "Owners required");
        require(_required > 0 && _required <= _owners.length, "Invalid required confirmations");
        owners = _owners;
        required = _required;
    }

receive() external payable {}

function submitTransaction(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public onlyOwner {
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: to,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, to, value, data);
    }

function confirmTransaction(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(!confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Already confirmed");

confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = true;
        transaction.confirmationCount++;
        emit ConfirmTransaction(txId, msg.sender);

if (transaction.confirmationCount >= required) {
            executeTransaction(txId);
        }
    }

function executeTransaction(uint256 txId) internal nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(transaction.confirmationCount >= required, "Insufficient confirmations");

transaction.executed = true;
        (bool success, ) = transaction.to.call{value: transaction.value}(transaction.data);
        require(success, "Transaction failed");
        emit ExecuteTransaction(txId);
    }

function revokeConfirmation(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Not confirmed");

confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = false;
        transaction.confirmationCount--;
        emit RevokeConfirmation(txId, msg.sender);
    }

function getTransaction(uint256 txId)
        public
        view
        returns (address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data, bool executed, uint256 confirmationCount)
    {
        Transaction memory transaction = transactions[txId];
        return (transaction.to, transaction.value, transaction.data, transaction.executed, transaction.confirmationCount);
    }
}
```

### 解析

- **核心结构**：
    - `owners`：所有者地址数组。
    - `required`：所需确认数。
    - `transactions`：存储提案（目标地址、金额、数据等）。
    - `confirmations`：记录每个所有者的确认状态。
- **功能**：
    - `submitTransaction`：提交提案（转账或调用）。
    - `confirmTransaction`：确认提案，自动执行。
    - `executeTransaction`：执行提案，调用目标地址。
    - `revokeConfirmation`：撤销确认。
    - `getTransaction`：查询提案详情。
- **安全特性**：
    - `onlyOwner`：限制操作者为所有者。
    - `nonReentrant`：防止重入攻击。
    - 检查提案状态和确认数。

### 测试

`test/MultiSigWallet.test.ts`：

```typescript
import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { MultiSigWallet } from "../typechain-types";

describe("MultiSigWallet", function () {
  let wallet: MultiSigWallet;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, nonOwner: any;

beforeEach(async function () {
    [owner1, owner2, owner3, nonOwner] = await ethers.getSigners();
    const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("MultiSigWallet");
    wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
    await wallet.deployed();

await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
  });

it("should initialize correctly", async function () {
    expect(await wallet.owners(0)).to.equal(owner1.address);
    expect(await wallet.owners(1)).to.equal(owner2.address);
    expect(await wallet.owners(2)).to.equal(owner3.address);
    expect(await wallet.required()).to.equal(2);
  });

it("should allow submitting transaction", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    const [to, value, , ,] = await wallet.getTransaction(0);
    expect(to).to.equal(nonOwner.address);
    expect(value).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("1"));
  });

it("should restrict submit to owners", async function () {
    await expect(
      wallet.connect(nonOwner).submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x")
    ).to.be.revertedWith("Not owner");
  });

it("should allow confirming and executing transaction", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    const balanceBefore = await ethers.provider.getBalance(nonOwner.address);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    const balanceAfter = await ethers.provider.getBalance(nonOwner.address);
    expect(balanceAfter.sub(balanceBefore)).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("1"));
  });

it("should not execute without enough confirmations", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    const [, , , executed,] = await wallet.getTransaction(0);
    expect(executed).to.be.false;
  });

it("should allow revoking confirmation", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).revokeConfirmation(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    const [, , , executed,] = await wallet.getTransaction(0);
    expect(executed).to.be.false;
  });
});
```

跑测试：

```bash
npx hardhat test
```

- **解析**：
    - 部署：3个所有者，需2人确认。
    - 提交：`owner1`提交转账1 ETH。
    - 确认：`owner2`和`owner3`确认后自动执行。
    - 撤销：`owner2`撤销确认，阻止执行。
- **安全**：`nonReentrant`和`onlyOwner`确保安全。

## 调用外部合约

多签合约可以调用其他合约，比如转账ERC-20代币。

### 辅助ERC-20合约

`contracts/Token.sol`：

```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

contract Token is ERC20 {
    constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, uint256 initialSupply) ERC20(name, symbol) {
        _mint(msg.sender, initialSupply);
    }
}
```

### 测试调用

`test/MultiSigWallet.test.ts`（更新）：

```typescript
import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { MultiSigWallet, Token } from "../typechain-types";

describe("MultiSigWallet", function () {
  let wallet: MultiSigWallet;
  let token: Token;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, nonOwner: any;

const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
    await token.deployed();

await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
    await token.transfer(wallet.address, ethers.parseEther("500"));
  });

it("should call external contract", async function () {
    const data = token.interface.encodeFunctionData("transfer", [nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("100")]);
    await wallet.submitTransaction(token.address, 0, data);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await token.balanceOf(nonOwner.address)).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("100"));
  });
});
```

- **解析**：
    - `data`：编码`transfer`函数调用。
    - 提案：调用`token.transfer`转100 TTK。
    - 确认：2人确认后执行。
- **安全**：`executeTransaction`检查调用结果，失败则回滚。

## 高级多签：动态管理所有者

实现添加/删除所有者和修改确认数的提案。

`contracts/AdvancedMultiSig.sol`：

```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract AdvancedMultiSig is ReentrancyGuard {
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;
    mapping(uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public confirmations;

enum TransactionType { Transfer, AddOwner, RemoveOwner, ChangeRequirement }

struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 confirmationCount;
        TransactionType txType;
        address newOwner;
        uint256 newRequired;
    }

event SubmitTransaction(
        uint256 indexed txId,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes data,
        TransactionType txType,
        address newOwner,
        uint256 newRequired
    );
    event ConfirmTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event ExecuteTransaction(uint256 indexed txId);
    event RevokeConfirmation(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event AddOwner(address indexed owner);
    event RemoveOwner(address indexed owner);
    event ChangeRequirement(uint256 required);

receive() external payable {}

function submitTransfer(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public onlyOwner {
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: to,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.Transfer,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: 0
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, to, value, data, TransactionType.Transfer, address(0), 0);
    }

function submitChangeRequirement(uint256 newRequired) public onlyOwner {
        require(newRequired > 0 && newRequired <= owners.length, "Invalid required");
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.ChangeRequirement,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: newRequired
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.ChangeRequirement, address(0), newRequired);
    }

confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = true;
        transaction.confirmationCount++;
        emit ConfirmTransaction(txId, msg.sender);

if (transaction.confirmationCount >= required) {
            executeTransaction(txId);
        }
    }

transaction.executed = true;

if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.Transfer) {
            (bool success, ) = transaction.to.call{value: transaction.value}(transaction.data);
            require(success, "Transaction failed");
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.AddOwner) {
            owners.push(transaction.newOwner);
            emit AddOwner(transaction.newOwner);
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.RemoveOwner) {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < owners.length; i++) {
                if (owners[i] == transaction.newOwner) {
                    owners[i] = owners[owners.length - 1];
                    owners.pop();
                    break;
                }
            }
            require(required <= owners.length, "Too few owners");
            emit RemoveOwner(transaction.newOwner);
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.ChangeRequirement) {
            require(transaction.newRequired <= owners.length, "Invalid required");
            required = transaction.newRequired;
            emit ChangeRequirement(transaction.newRequired);
        }

emit ExecuteTransaction(txId);
    }

confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = false;
        transaction.confirmationCount--;
        emit RevokeConfirmation(txId, msg.sender);
    }

function getTransaction(uint256 txId)
        public
        view
        returns (
            address to,
            uint256 value,
            bytes memory data,
            bool executed,
            uint256 confirmationCount,
            TransactionType txType,
            address newOwner,
            uint256 newRequired
        )
    {
        Transaction memory transaction = transactions[txId];
        return (
            transaction.to,
            transaction.value,
            transaction.data,
            transaction.executed,
            transaction.confirmationCount,
            transaction.txType,
            transaction.newOwner,
            transaction.newRequired
        );
    }
}
```

### 解析

- **扩展功能**：
    - `TransactionType`：定义提案类型（转账、添加所有者、删除所有者、修改确认数）。
    - `submitAddOwner`：提交添加所有者提案。
    - `submitRemoveOwner`：提交删除所有者提案。
    - `submitChangeRequirement`：提交修改确认数提案。
- **执行逻辑**：
    - 根据`txType`执行不同操作。
    - 添加/删除所有者：更新`owners`数组。
    - 修改确认数：更新`required`。
- **安全特性**：
    - 检查新所有者不重复。
    - 确保`required`不超过所有者数。
    - `nonReentrant`防止重入。

### 测试

`test/AdvancedMultiSig.test.ts`：

```typescript
import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { AdvancedMultiSig, Token } from "../typechain-types";

describe("AdvancedMultiSig", function () {
  let wallet: AdvancedMultiSig;
  let token: Token;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, newOwner: any, nonOwner: any;

beforeEach(async function () {
    [owner1, owner2, owner3, newOwner, nonOwner] = await ethers.getSigners();
    const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("AdvancedMultiSig");
    wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
    await wallet.deployed();

const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
    await token.deployed();

await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
    await token.transfer(wallet.address, ethers.parseEther("500"));
  });

it("should initialize correctly", async function () {
    expect(await wallet.owners(0)).to.equal(owner1.address);
    expect(await wallet.required()).to.equal(2);
  });

it("should handle transfer transaction", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransfer(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await ethers.provider.getBalance(nonOwner.address)).to.be.above(ethers.parseEther("100"));
  });

it("should add new owner", async function () {
    await wallet.submitAddOwner(newOwner.address);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await wallet.owners(3)).to.equal(newOwner.address);
  });

it("should remove owner", async function () {
    await wallet.submitRemoveOwner(owner3.address);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await wallet.owners(0)).to.equal(owner1.address);
    expect(await wallet.owners(1)).to.equal(owner2.address);
    await expect(wallet.owners(2)).to.be.reverted;
  });

it("should change required confirmations", async function () {
    await wallet.submitChangeRequirement(3);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await wallet.required()).to.equal(3);
  });

it("should call external contract", async function () {
    const data = token.interface.encodeFunctionData("transfer", [nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("100")]);
    await wallet.submitTransfer(token.address, 0, data);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await token.balanceOf(nonOwner.address)).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("100"));
  });

it("should restrict add owner to valid address", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.submitAddOwner(owner1.address)).to.be.revertedWith("Owner exists");
    await expect(wallet.submitAddOwner(address(0))).to.be.revertedWith("Invalid address");
  });

it("should restrict remove owner to existing owner", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.submitRemoveOwner(nonOwner.address)).to.be.revertedWith("Not an owner");
  });

it("should restrict new required to valid value", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.submitChangeRequirement(4)).to.be.revertedWith("Invalid required");
  });
});
```

- **解析**：
    - 添加所有者：`newOwner`加入`owners`。
    - 删除所有者：移除`owner3`，数组调整。
    - 修改确认数：`required`从2变为3。
    - 外部调用：转100 TTK。
- **安全**：检查所有者存在性和`required`合法性。

## 提案超时机制

添加超时功能，过期提案自动失效。

`contracts/AdvancedMultiSig.sol`（更新）：

```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract AdvancedMultiSig is ReentrancyGuard {
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;
    uint256 public timeoutDuration = 1 days;
    mapping(uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public confirmations;

enum TransactionType { Transfer, AddOwner, RemoveOwner, ChangeRequirement }

struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 confirmationCount;
        TransactionType txType;
        address newOwner;
        uint256 newRequired;
        uint256 submittedAt;
    }

receive() external payable {}

function setTimeoutDuration(uint256 duration) public onlyOwner {
        timeoutDuration = duration;
        emit SetTimeoutDuration(duration);
    }

function submitTransfer(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public onlyOwner {
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: to,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.Transfer,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: 0,
            submittedAt: block.timestamp
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, to, value, data, TransactionType.Transfer, address(0), 0);
    }

function submitChangeRequirement(uint256 newRequired) public onlyOwner {
        require(newRequired > 0 && newRequired <= owners.length, "Invalid required");
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.ChangeRequirement,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: newRequired,
            submittedAt: block.timestamp
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.ChangeRequirement, address(0), newRequired);
    }

confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = true;
        transaction.confirmationCount++;
        emit ConfirmTransaction(txId, msg.sender);

if (transaction.confirmationCount >= required) {
            executeTransaction(txId);
        }
    }

transaction.executed = true;

emit ExecuteTransaction(txId);
    }

confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = false;
        transaction.confirmationCount--;
        emit RevokeConfirmation(txId, msg.sender);
    }

function getTransaction(uint256 txId)
        public
        view
        returns (
            address to,
            uint256 value,
            bytes memory data,
            bool executed,
            uint256 confirmationCount,
            TransactionType txType,
            address newOwner,
            uint256 newRequired,
            uint256 submittedAt
        )
    {
        Transaction memory transaction = transactions[txId];
        return (
            transaction.to,
            transaction.value,
            transaction.data,
            transaction.executed,
            transaction.confirmationCount,
            transaction.txType,
            transaction.newOwner,
            transaction.newRequired,
            transaction.submittedAt
        );
    }
}
```

### 解析

- **超时机制**：
    - `timeoutDuration`：默认1天，可通过`setTimeoutDuration`调整。
    - `submittedAt`：记录提案提交时间。
    - 检查：`confirmTransaction`和`executeTransaction`验证提案未超时。
- **安全特性**：
    - 超时检查防止无限期挂起。
    - `onlyOwner`限制超时设置。
    - 状态管理确保提案一致性。

### 测试

`test/AdvancedMultiSig.test.ts`（更新）：

```typescript
import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { AdvancedMultiSig, Token } from "../typechain-types";

describe("AdvancedMultiSig", function () {
  let wallet: AdvancedMultiSig;
  let token: Token;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, newOwner: any, nonOwner: any;

const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
    await token.deployed();

await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
    await token.transfer(wallet.address, ethers.parseEther("500"));
  });

it("should handle timeout", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransfer(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await ethers.provider.send("evm_increaseTime", [86400 + 1]); // 1 day + 1 second
    await expect(wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0)).to.be.revertedWith("Transaction timed out");
  });

it("should allow setting timeout duration", async function () {
    await wallet.setTimeoutDuration(3600); // 1 hour
    expect(await wallet.timeoutDuration()).to.equal(3600);
    await wallet.submitTransfer(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await ethers.provider.send("evm_increaseTime", [3601]);
    await expect(wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0)).to.be.revertedWith("Transaction timed out");
  });

it("should restrict timeout setting to owners", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.connect(nonOwner).setTimeoutDuration(3600)).to.be.revertedWith("Not owner");
  });
});
```

- **解析**：
    - 超时：提案超过1天后失效。
    - 设置超时：调整为1小时，验证失效。
    - 权限：非所有者无法设置。

---

## 部署脚本

`scripts/deploy.ts`：

```typescript
import { ethers } from "hardhat";

async function main() {
  const [owner1, owner2, owner3] = await ethers.getSigners();
  const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("AdvancedMultiSig");
  const wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
  await wallet.deployed();
  console.log(`AdvancedMultiSig deployed to: ${wallet.address}`);

const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
  const token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
  await token.deployed();
  console.log(`Token deployed to: ${token.address}`);
}

main().catch((error) => {
  console.error(error);
  process.exitCode = 1;
});
```

跑部署：

```bash
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network hardhat
```

- **解析**：部署多签和代币合约，记录地址。

多签合约核心概念

先来搞明白多签合约的几个关键点：

多重签名（Multi-Signature）：需要多个账户（称为“所有者”或“签名者”）对操作（如转账、调用合约）进行确认才能执行。
提案（Transaction）：每项操作（如转ETH、调用函数）作为一个提案，记录目标地址、数据、金额等。
确认（Confirmation）：所有者对提案投票，达到指定数量的确认后执行。
安全机制：
- 防止重入：避免外部合约重复调用。
- 权限控制：只有所有者能提交或确认提案。
- 状态管理：确保提案不被重复执行。
OpenZeppelin：提供安全的工具库，如ReentrancyGuard和Ownable。
Solidity 0.8.x：自带溢出/下溢检查，减少安全隐患。
Hardhat：开发和测试工具，支持编译、部署、测试。

咱们用Solidity 0.8.20，结合OpenZeppelin和Hardhat，写一个多签合约，包含提案提交、确认、执行、撤销等功能。

环境准备

用Hardhat搭建开发环境，写和测试合约。

mkdir multisig-demo
cd multisig-demo
npm init -y
npm install --save-dev hardhat @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox @openzeppelin/contracts
npm install ethers

初始化Hardhat：

npx hardhat init

选择TypeScript项目，安装依赖：

npm install --save-dev ts-node typescript @types/node @types/mocha

目录结构：

multisig-demo/
├── contracts/
│   ├── MultiSigWallet.sol
│   ├── AdvancedMultiSig.sol
├── scripts/
│   ├── deploy.ts
├── test/
│   ├── MultiSigWallet.test.ts
├── hardhat.config.ts
├── tsconfig.json
├── package.json

tsconfig.json：

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2020",
    "module": "CommonJS",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "rootDir": "./"
  },
  "include": ["hardhat.config.ts", "scripts", "test"]
}

hardhat.config.ts：

import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox";

const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
  solidity: "0.8.20",
  networks: {
    hardhat: {
      chainId: 1337,
    },
  },
};

export default config;

跑本地节点：

npx hardhat node

基础多签合约

先写一个简单的多签合约，支持ETH转账。

合约代码

contracts/MultiSigWallet.sol：

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract MultiSigWallet is ReentrancyGuard {
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;
    mapping(uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public confirmations;

    struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 confirmationCount;
    }

    event SubmitTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed to, uint256 value, bytes data);
    event ConfirmTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event ExecuteTransaction(uint256 indexed txId);
    event RevokeConfirmation(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        bool isOwner = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == msg.sender) {
                isOwner = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        require(isOwner, "Not owner");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) {
        require(_owners.length > 0, "Owners required");
        require(_required > 0 && _required &lt;= _owners.length, "Invalid required confirmations");
        owners = _owners;
        required = _required;
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function submitTransaction(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public onlyOwner {
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: to,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, to, value, data);
    }

    function confirmTransaction(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(!confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Already confirmed");

        confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = true;
        transaction.confirmationCount++;
        emit ConfirmTransaction(txId, msg.sender);

        if (transaction.confirmationCount >= required) {
            executeTransaction(txId);
        }
    }

    function executeTransaction(uint256 txId) internal nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(transaction.confirmationCount >= required, "Insufficient confirmations");

        transaction.executed = true;
        (bool success, ) = transaction.to.call{value: transaction.value}(transaction.data);
        require(success, "Transaction failed");
        emit ExecuteTransaction(txId);
    }

    function revokeConfirmation(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Not confirmed");

        confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = false;
        transaction.confirmationCount--;
        emit RevokeConfirmation(txId, msg.sender);
    }

    function getTransaction(uint256 txId)
        public
        view
        returns (address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data, bool executed, uint256 confirmationCount)
    {
        Transaction memory transaction = transactions[txId];
        return (transaction.to, transaction.value, transaction.data, transaction.executed, transaction.confirmationCount);
    }
}

解析

核心结构：
- owners：所有者地址数组。
- required：所需确认数。
- transactions：存储提案（目标地址、金额、数据等）。
- confirmations：记录每个所有者的确认状态。
功能：
- submitTransaction：提交提案（转账或调用）。
- confirmTransaction：确认提案，自动执行。
- executeTransaction：执行提案，调用目标地址。
- revokeConfirmation：撤销确认。
- getTransaction：查询提案详情。
安全特性：
- onlyOwner：限制操作者为所有者。
- nonReentrant：防止重入攻击。
- 检查提案状态和确认数。

测试

test/MultiSigWallet.test.ts：

import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { MultiSigWallet } from "../typechain-types";

describe("MultiSigWallet", function () {
  let wallet: MultiSigWallet;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, nonOwner: any;

  beforeEach(async function () {
    [owner1, owner2, owner3, nonOwner] = await ethers.getSigners();
    const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("MultiSigWallet");
    wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
    await wallet.deployed();

    await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
  });

  it("should initialize correctly", async function () {
    expect(await wallet.owners(0)).to.equal(owner1.address);
    expect(await wallet.owners(1)).to.equal(owner2.address);
    expect(await wallet.owners(2)).to.equal(owner3.address);
    expect(await wallet.required()).to.equal(2);
  });

  it("should allow submitting transaction", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    const [to, value, , ,] = await wallet.getTransaction(0);
    expect(to).to.equal(nonOwner.address);
    expect(value).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("1"));
  });

  it("should restrict submit to owners", async function () {
    await expect(
      wallet.connect(nonOwner).submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x")
    ).to.be.revertedWith("Not owner");
  });

  it("should allow confirming and executing transaction", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    const balanceBefore = await ethers.provider.getBalance(nonOwner.address);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    const balanceAfter = await ethers.provider.getBalance(nonOwner.address);
    expect(balanceAfter.sub(balanceBefore)).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("1"));
  });

  it("should not execute without enough confirmations", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    const [, , , executed,] = await wallet.getTransaction(0);
    expect(executed).to.be.false;
  });

  it("should allow revoking confirmation", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransaction(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).revokeConfirmation(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    const [, , , executed,] = await wallet.getTransaction(0);
    expect(executed).to.be.false;
  });
});

跑测试：

npx hardhat test

解析：
- 部署：3个所有者，需2人确认。
- 提交：owner1提交转账1 ETH。
- 确认：owner2和owner3确认后自动执行。
- 撤销：owner2撤销确认，阻止执行。
安全：nonReentrant和onlyOwner确保安全。

调用外部合约

多签合约可以调用其他合约，比如转账ERC-20代币。

辅助ERC-20合约

contracts/Token.sol：

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

contract Token is ERC20 {
    constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, uint256 initialSupply) ERC20(name, symbol) {
        _mint(msg.sender, initialSupply);
    }
}

测试调用

test/MultiSigWallet.test.ts（更新）：

import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { MultiSigWallet, Token } from "../typechain-types";

describe("MultiSigWallet", function () {
  let wallet: MultiSigWallet;
  let token: Token;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, nonOwner: any;

  beforeEach(async function () {
    [owner1, owner2, owner3, nonOwner] = await ethers.getSigners();
    const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("MultiSigWallet");
    wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
    await wallet.deployed();

    const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
    await token.deployed();

    await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
    await token.transfer(wallet.address, ethers.parseEther("500"));
  });

  it("should call external contract", async function () {
    const data = token.interface.encodeFunctionData("transfer", [nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("100")]);
    await wallet.submitTransaction(token.address, 0, data);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await token.balanceOf(nonOwner.address)).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("100"));
  });
});

解析：
- data：编码transfer函数调用。
- 提案：调用token.transfer转100 TTK。
- 确认：2人确认后执行。
安全：executeTransaction检查调用结果，失败则回滚。

高级多签：动态管理所有者

实现添加/删除所有者和修改确认数的提案。

contracts/AdvancedMultiSig.sol：

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract AdvancedMultiSig is ReentrancyGuard {
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;
    mapping(uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public confirmations;

    enum TransactionType { Transfer, AddOwner, RemoveOwner, ChangeRequirement }

    struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 confirmationCount;
        TransactionType txType;
        address newOwner;
        uint256 newRequired;
    }

    event SubmitTransaction(
        uint256 indexed txId,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes data,
        TransactionType txType,
        address newOwner,
        uint256 newRequired
    );
    event ConfirmTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event ExecuteTransaction(uint256 indexed txId);
    event RevokeConfirmation(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event AddOwner(address indexed owner);
    event RemoveOwner(address indexed owner);
    event ChangeRequirement(uint256 required);

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        bool isOwner = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == msg.sender) {
                isOwner = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        require(isOwner, "Not owner");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) {
        require(_owners.length > 0, "Owners required");
        require(_required > 0 && _required &lt;= _owners.length, "Invalid required confirmations");
        owners = _owners;
        required = _required;
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function submitTransfer(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public onlyOwner {
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: to,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.Transfer,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: 0
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, to, value, data, TransactionType.Transfer, address(0), 0);
    }

    function submitAddOwner(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Invalid address");
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            require(owners[i] != newOwner, "Owner exists");
        }
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.AddOwner,
            newOwner: newOwner,
            newRequired: 0
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.AddOwner, newOwner, 0);
    }

    function submitRemoveOwner(address owner) public onlyOwner {
        bool isOwner = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == owner) {
                isOwner = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        require(isOwner, "Not an owner");
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.RemoveOwner,
            newOwner: owner,
            newRequired: 0
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.RemoveOwner, owner, 0);
    }

    function submitChangeRequirement(uint256 newRequired) public onlyOwner {
        require(newRequired > 0 && newRequired &lt;= owners.length, "Invalid required");
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.ChangeRequirement,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: newRequired
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.ChangeRequirement, address(0), newRequired);
    }

    function confirmTransaction(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(!confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Already confirmed");

        confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = true;
        transaction.confirmationCount++;
        emit ConfirmTransaction(txId, msg.sender);

        if (transaction.confirmationCount >= required) {
            executeTransaction(txId);
        }
    }

    function executeTransaction(uint256 txId) internal nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(transaction.confirmationCount >= required, "Insufficient confirmations");

        transaction.executed = true;

        if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.Transfer) {
            (bool success, ) = transaction.to.call{value: transaction.value}(transaction.data);
            require(success, "Transaction failed");
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.AddOwner) {
            owners.push(transaction.newOwner);
            emit AddOwner(transaction.newOwner);
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.RemoveOwner) {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
                if (owners[i] == transaction.newOwner) {
                    owners[i] = owners[owners.length - 1];
                    owners.pop();
                    break;
                }
            }
            require(required &lt;= owners.length, "Too few owners");
            emit RemoveOwner(transaction.newOwner);
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.ChangeRequirement) {
            require(transaction.newRequired &lt;= owners.length, "Invalid required");
            required = transaction.newRequired;
            emit ChangeRequirement(transaction.newRequired);
        }

        emit ExecuteTransaction(txId);
    }

    function revokeConfirmation(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Not confirmed");

        confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = false;
        transaction.confirmationCount--;
        emit RevokeConfirmation(txId, msg.sender);
    }

    function getTransaction(uint256 txId)
        public
        view
        returns (
            address to,
            uint256 value,
            bytes memory data,
            bool executed,
            uint256 confirmationCount,
            TransactionType txType,
            address newOwner,
            uint256 newRequired
        )
    {
        Transaction memory transaction = transactions[txId];
        return (
            transaction.to,
            transaction.value,
            transaction.data,
            transaction.executed,
            transaction.confirmationCount,
            transaction.txType,
            transaction.newOwner,
            transaction.newRequired
        );
    }
}

解析

扩展功能：
- TransactionType：定义提案类型（转账、添加所有者、删除所有者、修改确认数）。
- submitAddOwner：提交添加所有者提案。
- submitRemoveOwner：提交删除所有者提案。
- submitChangeRequirement：提交修改确认数提案。
执行逻辑：
- 根据txType执行不同操作。
- 添加/删除所有者：更新owners数组。
- 修改确认数：更新required。
安全特性：
- 检查新所有者不重复。
- 确保required不超过所有者数。
- nonReentrant防止重入。

测试

test/AdvancedMultiSig.test.ts：

import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { AdvancedMultiSig, Token } from "../typechain-types";

describe("AdvancedMultiSig", function () {
  let wallet: AdvancedMultiSig;
  let token: Token;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, newOwner: any, nonOwner: any;

  beforeEach(async function () {
    [owner1, owner2, owner3, newOwner, nonOwner] = await ethers.getSigners();
    const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("AdvancedMultiSig");
    wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
    await wallet.deployed();

    const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
    await token.deployed();

    await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
    await token.transfer(wallet.address, ethers.parseEther("500"));
  });

  it("should initialize correctly", async function () {
    expect(await wallet.owners(0)).to.equal(owner1.address);
    expect(await wallet.required()).to.equal(2);
  });

  it("should handle transfer transaction", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransfer(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await ethers.provider.getBalance(nonOwner.address)).to.be.above(ethers.parseEther("100"));
  });

  it("should add new owner", async function () {
    await wallet.submitAddOwner(newOwner.address);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await wallet.owners(3)).to.equal(newOwner.address);
  });

  it("should remove owner", async function () {
    await wallet.submitRemoveOwner(owner3.address);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await wallet.owners(0)).to.equal(owner1.address);
    expect(await wallet.owners(1)).to.equal(owner2.address);
    await expect(wallet.owners(2)).to.be.reverted;
  });

  it("should change required confirmations", async function () {
    await wallet.submitChangeRequirement(3);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await wallet.required()).to.equal(3);
  });

  it("should call external contract", async function () {
    const data = token.interface.encodeFunctionData("transfer", [nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("100")]);
    await wallet.submitTransfer(token.address, 0, data);
    await wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0);
    await wallet.connect(owner3).confirmTransaction(0);
    expect(await token.balanceOf(nonOwner.address)).to.equal(ethers.parseEther("100"));
  });

  it("should restrict add owner to valid address", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.submitAddOwner(owner1.address)).to.be.revertedWith("Owner exists");
    await expect(wallet.submitAddOwner(address(0))).to.be.revertedWith("Invalid address");
  });

  it("should restrict remove owner to existing owner", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.submitRemoveOwner(nonOwner.address)).to.be.revertedWith("Not an owner");
  });

  it("should restrict new required to valid value", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.submitChangeRequirement(4)).to.be.revertedWith("Invalid required");
  });
});

解析：
- 添加所有者：newOwner加入owners。
- 删除所有者：移除owner3，数组调整。
- 修改确认数：required从2变为3。
- 外部调用：转100 TTK。
安全：检查所有者存在性和required合法性。

提案超时机制

添加超时功能，过期提案自动失效。

contracts/AdvancedMultiSig.sol（更新）：

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract AdvancedMultiSig is ReentrancyGuard {
    address[] public owners;
    uint256 public required;
    uint256 public transactionCount;
    uint256 public timeoutDuration = 1 days;
    mapping(uint256 => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping(uint256 => mapping(address => bool)) public confirmations;

    enum TransactionType { Transfer, AddOwner, RemoveOwner, ChangeRequirement }

    struct Transaction {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
        uint256 confirmationCount;
        TransactionType txType;
        address newOwner;
        uint256 newRequired;
        uint256 submittedAt;
    }

    event SubmitTransaction(
        uint256 indexed txId,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes data,
        TransactionType txType,
        address newOwner,
        uint256 newRequired
    );
    event ConfirmTransaction(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event ExecuteTransaction(uint256 indexed txId);
    event RevokeConfirmation(uint256 indexed txId, address indexed owner);
    event AddOwner(address indexed owner);
    event RemoveOwner(address indexed owner);
    event ChangeRequirement(uint256 required);
    event SetTimeoutDuration(uint256 duration);

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        bool isOwner = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == msg.sender) {
                isOwner = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        require(isOwner, "Not owner");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address[] memory _owners, uint256 _required) {
        require(_owners.length > 0, "Owners required");
        require(_required > 0 && _required &lt;= _owners.length, "Invalid required confirmations");
        owners = _owners;
        required = _required;
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function setTimeoutDuration(uint256 duration) public onlyOwner {
        timeoutDuration = duration;
        emit SetTimeoutDuration(duration);
    }

    function submitTransfer(address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) public onlyOwner {
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: to,
            value: value,
            data: data,
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.Transfer,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: 0,
            submittedAt: block.timestamp
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, to, value, data, TransactionType.Transfer, address(0), 0);
    }

    function submitAddOwner(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Invalid address");
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            require(owners[i] != newOwner, "Owner exists");
        }
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.AddOwner,
            newOwner: newOwner,
            newRequired: 0,
            submittedAt: block.timestamp
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.AddOwner, newOwner, 0);
    }

    function submitRemoveOwner(address owner) public onlyOwner {
        bool isOwner = false;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
            if (owners[i] == owner) {
                isOwner = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        require(isOwner, "Not an owner");
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.RemoveOwner,
            newOwner: owner,
            newRequired: 0,
            submittedAt: block.timestamp
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.RemoveOwner, owner, 0);
    }

    function submitChangeRequirement(uint256 newRequired) public onlyOwner {
        require(newRequired > 0 && newRequired &lt;= owners.length, "Invalid required");
        uint256 txId = transactionCount++;
        transactions[txId] = Transaction({
            to: address(0),
            value: 0,
            data: "0x",
            executed: false,
            confirmationCount: 0,
            txType: TransactionType.ChangeRequirement,
            newOwner: address(0),
            newRequired: newRequired,
            submittedAt: block.timestamp
        });
        emit SubmitTransaction(txId, address(0), 0, "0x", TransactionType.ChangeRequirement, address(0), newRequired);
    }

    function confirmTransaction(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(!confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Already confirmed");
        require(block.timestamp &lt;= transaction.submittedAt + timeoutDuration, "Transaction timed out");

        confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = true;
        transaction.confirmationCount++;
        emit ConfirmTransaction(txId, msg.sender);

        if (transaction.confirmationCount >= required) {
            executeTransaction(txId);
        }
    }

    function executeTransaction(uint256 txId) internal nonReentrant {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(transaction.confirmationCount >= required, "Insufficient confirmations");
        require(block.timestamp &lt;= transaction.submittedAt + timeoutDuration, "Transaction timed out");

        transaction.executed = true;

        if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.Transfer) {
            (bool success, ) = transaction.to.call{value: transaction.value}(transaction.data);
            require(success, "Transaction failed");
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.AddOwner) {
            owners.push(transaction.newOwner);
            emit AddOwner(transaction.newOwner);
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.RemoveOwner) {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; owners.length; i++) {
                if (owners[i] == transaction.newOwner) {
                    owners[i] = owners[owners.length - 1];
                    owners.pop();
                    break;
                }
            }
            require(required &lt;= owners.length, "Too few owners");
            emit RemoveOwner(transaction.newOwner);
        } else if (transaction.txType == TransactionType.ChangeRequirement) {
            require(transaction.newRequired &lt;= owners.length, "Invalid required");
            required = transaction.newRequired;
            emit ChangeRequirement(transaction.newRequired);
        }

        emit ExecuteTransaction(txId);
    }

    function revokeConfirmation(uint256 txId) public onlyOwner {
        Transaction storage transaction = transactions[txId];
        require(!transaction.executed, "Transaction already executed");
        require(confirmations[txId][msg.sender], "Not confirmed");

        confirmations[txId][msg.sender] = false;
        transaction.confirmationCount--;
        emit RevokeConfirmation(txId, msg.sender);
    }

    function getTransaction(uint256 txId)
        public
        view
        returns (
            address to,
            uint256 value,
            bytes memory data,
            bool executed,
            uint256 confirmationCount,
            TransactionType txType,
            address newOwner,
            uint256 newRequired,
            uint256 submittedAt
        )
    {
        Transaction memory transaction = transactions[txId];
        return (
            transaction.to,
            transaction.value,
            transaction.data,
            transaction.executed,
            transaction.confirmationCount,
            transaction.txType,
            transaction.newOwner,
            transaction.newRequired,
            transaction.submittedAt
        );
    }
}

解析

超时机制：
- timeoutDuration：默认1天，可通过setTimeoutDuration调整。
- submittedAt：记录提案提交时间。
- 检查：confirmTransaction和executeTransaction验证提案未超时。
安全特性：
- 超时检查防止无限期挂起。
- onlyOwner限制超时设置。
- 状态管理确保提案一致性。

测试

test/AdvancedMultiSig.test.ts（更新）：

import { ethers } from "hardhat";
import { expect } from "chai";
import { AdvancedMultiSig, Token } from "../typechain-types";

describe("AdvancedMultiSig", function () {
  let wallet: AdvancedMultiSig;
  let token: Token;
  let owner1: any, owner2: any, owner3: any, newOwner: any, nonOwner: any;

  beforeEach(async function () {
    [owner1, owner2, owner3, newOwner, nonOwner] = await ethers.getSigners();
    const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("AdvancedMultiSig");
    wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
    await wallet.deployed();

    const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
    token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
    await token.deployed();

    await owner1.sendTransaction({ to: wallet.address, value: ethers.parseEther("10") });
    await token.transfer(wallet.address, ethers.parseEther("500"));
  });

  it("should handle timeout", async function () {
    await wallet.submitTransfer(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await ethers.provider.send("evm_increaseTime", [86400 + 1]); // 1 day + 1 second
    await expect(wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0)).to.be.revertedWith("Transaction timed out");
  });

  it("should allow setting timeout duration", async function () {
    await wallet.setTimeoutDuration(3600); // 1 hour
    expect(await wallet.timeoutDuration()).to.equal(3600);
    await wallet.submitTransfer(nonOwner.address, ethers.parseEther("1"), "0x");
    await ethers.provider.send("evm_increaseTime", [3601]);
    await expect(wallet.connect(owner2).confirmTransaction(0)).to.be.revertedWith("Transaction timed out");
  });

  it("should restrict timeout setting to owners", async function () {
    await expect(wallet.connect(nonOwner).setTimeoutDuration(3600)).to.be.revertedWith("Not owner");
  });
});

解析：
- 超时：提案超过1天后失效。
- 设置超时：调整为1小时，验证失效。
- 权限：非所有者无法设置。

部署脚本

scripts/deploy.ts：

import { ethers } from "hardhat";

async function main() {
  const [owner1, owner2, owner3] = await ethers.getSigners();
  const WalletFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("AdvancedMultiSig");
  const wallet = await WalletFactory.deploy([owner1.address, owner2.address, owner3.address], 2);
  await wallet.deployed();
  console.log(`AdvancedMultiSig deployed to: ${wallet.address}`);

  const TokenFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
  const token = await TokenFactory.deploy("TestToken", "TTK", ethers.parseEther("1000"));
  await token.deployed();
  console.log(`Token deployed to: ${token.address}`);
}

main().catch((error) => {
  console.error(error);
  process.exitCode = 1;
});

跑部署：

npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts --network hardhat

解析：部署多签和代币合约，记录地址。

原创
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分类: Solidity
标签: Solidity 智能合约以太坊

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Solidity多重签名合约：打造超安全的区块链投票机制

多签合约核心概念

环境准备

基础多签合约

合约代码

解析

测试

调用外部合约

辅助ERC-20合约

测试调用

高级多签：动态管理所有者

解析

测试

提案超时机制

解析

测试

部署脚本

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