Layer2 —— OP Stack 部署指南

简介

OP Stack 是 Optimism 开发的模块化区块链技术栈，允许开发者轻松创建自己的 Layer2 网络。本指南提供了在 Ubuntu 环境下从零开始搭建一个完整的 Layer2 网络，包括环境配置、合约部署、节点启动和基本操作验证。

一、准备系统环境

1.1 安装 Ubuntu

打开 Windows PowerShell 终端

# 查看可用的 Ubuntu 发行版
wsl --list --online

# 安装指定版本的 Ubuntu
wsl --install -d Ubuntu-24.04

1.2 安装软件依赖

打开 Ubuntu-24.04 子系统（在安装 pnpm 和 mise 时，需修改自己环境变量加载的路径）

# 更新系统
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# 安装基础依赖
sudo apt install -y curl wget git build-essential

# 安装 go
wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm go1.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
echo -e '\n# Go Language\nexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 安装 node.js
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_22.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

# 安装 pnpm
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh
source /home/eth/.bashrc

# 安装 foundry
curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
source ~/.bashrc
~/.foundry/bin/foundryup

# 安装 make
sudo apt install -y make

# 安装 jq
sudo apt install -y jq

# 安装 direnv
sudo apt install -y direnv
echo -e '\n# Direnv hook\neval "$(direnv hook bash)"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 安装 just
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
. "$HOME/.cargo/env"
cargo install just

# 安装 mise
curl https://mise.run | sh
echo "eval \"\$(/home/eth/.local/bin/mise activate bash)\"" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

1.3 验证安装

# 检查所需软件依赖是否正确安装
git --version           # git version 2.43.0
go version              # go version go1.25.0 linux/amd64
node --version          # v22.19.0
pnpm --version          # 10.16.1
forge --version         # forge Version: 1.3.5-stable
make --version          # GNU Make 4.3
jq --version            # jq-1.7
direnv --version        # 2.32.1
rustc --version         # rustc 1.89.0 (29483883e 2025-08-04)
just --version          # just 1.42.4
mise --version          # 2025.9.10 linux-x64 (2025-09-13)

二、获取 Sepolia 测试网资源

2.1 获取 Sepolia RPC URL

从以下服务之一获取 Sepolia RPC URL:

• Alchemy（推荐）
• QuickNode
• ZAN

2.2 获取测试 ETH

在以下链接中获取测试币 SepoliaETH。

• Superchain Faucet
• Google Ethereum Sepolia Faucet
• Alchemy Ethereum Sepolia Faucet

三、构建 OP-Stack 组件

3.1 克隆 optimism 和 op-geth 仓库

# 克隆 optimism 并切换到最新 release 分支
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism.git
cd optimism
git checkout v1.13.6 -b v1.13.6

# 克隆 op-geth 到 optimism 目录下并切换到最新 release 分支
git clone https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/op-geth.git
cd op-geth
git checkout v1.101602.0 -b v1.101602.0

3.2 构建 op-geth，op-node，op-batcher，op-proposer

cd ~/optimism/op-geth
make geth

cd ..
make op-node op-batcher op-proposer

# 检查组件是否构建成功
./op-geth/build/bin/geth --version
./op-node/bin/op-node --version
./op-batcher/bin/op-batcher --version
./op-proposer/bin/op-proposer --version

四、配置环境变量

4.1 生成账户

cd ~/optimism
./packages/contracts-bedrock/scripts/getting-started/wallets.sh

此命令会生成五个地址及其私钥：

• Admin（管理员）
• Batcher（批处理者）
• Proposer（提议者）
• Sequencer（排序者）
• Challenger（挑战者）

4.2 编辑环境变量文件

创建.envrc 文件

nano .envrc

填写以下变量：

# Admin account
export GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS=
export GS_ADMIN_PRIVATE_KEY=

# Batcher account
export GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS=
export GS_BATCHER_PRIVATE_KEY=

# Proposer account
export GS_PROPOSER_ADDRESS=
export GS_PROPOSER_PRIVATE_KEY=

# Sequencer account
export GS_SEQUENCER_ADDRESS=
export GS_SEQUENCER_PRIVATE_KEY=

# Challenger account
export GS_CHALLENGER_ADDRESS=
export GS_CHALLENGER_PRIVATE_KEY=

##################################################
#            Layer1 RPC Configuration            #
##################################################

# RPC URL for the L1 network to interact with
export L1_RPC_URL=
export L1_BEACON_URL="https://ethereum-sepolia-beacon-api.publicnode.com"

# The kind of RPC provider, used to inform optimal transactions receipts
# fetching. Valid options: alchemy, quicknode, infura, parity, nethermind,
# debug_geth, erigon, basic, any.
export L1_RPC_KIND=

##################################################
#               Chain Configuration              #
##################################################

# The unique chain ID of the Layer 1 network(e.g., Sepolia = 11155111)
export L1_CHAIN_ID=11155111
# The unique chain ID you assign to your Layer 2 network (custom value)
export L2_CHAIN_ID=
# The average block time of the Layer 1 network (in seconds)
export L1_BLOCK_TIME=12
# The block time you configure for your Layer 2 network (in seconds)
export L2_BLOCK_TIME=2

保存文件(Ctrl+O, Enter, Ctrl+X)

4.3 加载环境变量

direnv allow

验证环境变量是否加载

echo "=== 环境变量检查 ==="
echo "GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS: $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS"
echo "GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS: $GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS"
echo "GS_PROPOSER_ADDRESS: $GS_PROPOSER_ADDRESS"
echo "GS_SEQUENCER_ADDRESS: $GS_SEQUENCER_ADDRESS"
echo "GS_CHALLENGER_ADDRESS: $GS_CHALLENGER_ADDRESS"
echo "L1_RPC_KIND: $L1_RPC_KIND"
echo "L1_RPC_URL: $L1_RPC_URL"
echo "L1_BEACON_URL: $L1_BEACON_URL"
echo "L1_CHAIN_ID: $L1_CHAIN_ID"
echo "L2_CHAIN_ID: $L2_CHAIN_ID"
echo "L1_BLOCK_TIME: $L1_BLOCK_TIME"
echo "L2_BLOCK_TIME: $L2_BLOCK_TIME"

4.4 为账户充值

为以下地址充值 SepoliaETH：

• Admin — 0.5 SepoliaETH
• Batcher — 0.1 SepoliaETH
• Proposer — 0.2 SepoliaETH

# 查看账户余额
cast balance $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL
cast balance $GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL
cast balance $GS_PROPOSER_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL

五、部署 L1 合约

5.1 获取 op-deployer

cd ~/optimism
mkdir -p bin
wget https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/releases/download/op-deployer%2Fv0.2.6/op-deployer-0.2.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C ./bin -xzf op-deployer-0.2.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1
rm op-deployer-0.2.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 验证是否下载解压成功
./bin/op-deployer --version

5.2 初始化 op-deployer 配置

mkdir -p ~/.deployer
./bin/op-deployer init --l1-chain-id $L1_CHAIN_ID --l2-chain-ids $L2_CHAIN_ID --workdir .deployer

此命令会生成 intend.json 和 state.json

5.3 修改 intend.json 配置

nano .deployer/intent.toml

确保配置中包含以下内容并替换相应的地址：

configType = "standard"
l1ChainID = 11155111
opcmAddress = "0x6b6f9129efb1b7a48f84e3b787333d1dca02ee34"  # L1 上的 OP Chain Manager 合约地址
fundDevAccounts = false
useInterop = false
l1ContractsLocator = "tag://op-contracts/v2.2.0"
l2ContractsLocator = "tag://op-contracts/v1.7.0-beta.1+l2-contracts"

[[chains]]
  id = "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004f5da2" # L2_CHAIN_ID 的十六进制
  baseFeeVaultRecipient = "YOUR_ADMIN_ADDRESS"
  l1FeeVaultRecipient = "YOUR_ADMIN_ADDRESS"
  sequencerFeeVaultRecipient = "YOUR_ADMIN_ADDRESS"
  eip1559DenominatorCanyon = 250
  eip1559Denominator = 50
  eip1559Elasticity = 6
  [chains.roles]
    l1ProxyAdminOwner = "0x1eb2ffc903729a0f03966b917003800b145f56e2"
    l2ProxyAdminOwner = "0x2fc3ffc903729a0f03966b917003800b145f67f3"
    systemConfigOwner = "YOUR_ADMIN_ADDRESS"
    unsafeBlockSigner = "YOUR_SEQUENCER_ADDRESS"
    batcher = "YOUR_BATCHER_ADDRESS"
    proposer = "YOUR_PROPOSER_ADDRESS"
    challenger = "0xfd1d2e729ae8eee2e146c033bf4400fe75284301"

5.4 部署 L1 合约

# 查询 L1 gas fee，判断 L1 RPC 是否连接成功
cast gas-price --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL

# 部署合约
./bin/op-deployer apply --workdir .deployer --l1-rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL --private-key $GS_ADMIN_PRIVATE_KEY

5.5 生成 L2 配置文件

# 生成 genesis.json（用于 op-geth）
./bin/op-deployer inspect genesis --workdir .deployer $L2_CHAIN_ID > .deployer/genesis.json

# 生成 rollup.json（用于 op-node）
./bin/op-deployer inspect rollup --workdir .deployer $L2_CHAIN_ID > .deployer/rollup.json

六、启动 Layer2

6.1 初始化并启动 op-geth

# 生成 jwt 密钥用于 op-geth 与 op-node 通信
cd ~/optimism/op-geth
openssl rand -hex 32 > jwt.txt
cp jwt.txt ../op-node/

# 初始化 op-geth
mkdir -p datadir
build/bin/geth init --state.scheme=hash --datadir=datadir ../.deployer/genesis.json

#启动 op-geth
./build/bin/geth \
    --datadir ./datadir \
    --http \
    --http.corsdomain="*" \
    --http.vhosts="*" \
    --http.addr=0.0.0.0 \
    --http.api=web3,debug,eth,txpool,net,engine,miner \
    --ws \
    --ws.addr=0.0.0.0 \
    --ws.port=8546 \
    --ws.origins="*" \
    --ws.api=debug,eth,txpool,net,engine,miner \
    --syncmode=full \
    --gcmode=archive \
    --nodiscover \
    --maxpeers=0 \
    --networkid=$L2_CHAIN_ID \
    --authrpc.vhosts="*" \
    --authrpc.addr=0.0.0.0 \
    --authrpc.port=8551 \
    --authrpc.jwtsecret=./jwt.txt \
    --rollup.disabletxpoolgossip=true

6.2 启动 op-node

cd ~/optimism/op-node

./bin/op-node \
    --l2=http://localhost:8551 \
    --l2.jwt-secret=./jwt.txt \
    --sequencer.enabled \
    --sequencer.l1-confs=5 \
    --verifier.l1-confs=4 \
    --rollup.config=../.deployer/rollup.json \
    --rpc.addr=0.0.0.0 \
    --rpc.port=9545 \
    --p2p.disable \
    --rpc.enable-admin \
    --p2p.sequencer.key=$GS_SEQUENCER_PRIVATE_KEY \
    --l1=$L1_RPC_URL \
    --l1.rpckind=$L1_RPC_KIND \
    --l1.beacon=$L1_BEACON_URL

6.3 启动 op-batcher

cd ~/optimism/op-batcher

./bin/op-batcher \
    --l2-eth-rpc=http://localhost:8545 \
    --rollup-rpc=http://localhost:9545 \
    --poll-interval=1s \
    --sub-safety-margin=6 \
    --num-confirmations=1 \
    --safe-abort-nonce-too-low-count=3 \
    --resubmission-timeout=30s \
    --rpc.addr=0.0.0.0 \
    --rpc.port=8548 \
    --rpc.enable-admin \
    --max-channel-duration=25 \
    --l1-eth-rpc=$L1_RPC_URL \
    --private-key=$GS_BATCHER_PRIVATE_KEY

6.4 启动 op-proposer

# 加载 op-proposer 配置变量（也可加到 .envrc 里面）
export OP_PROPOSER_WAIT_NODE_SYNC=true
export OP_PROPOSER_PROPOSAL_INTERVAL=15m
export OP_PROPOSER_GAME_FACTORY_ADDRESS=$(cat ~/.deployer/state.json | jq -r '.opChainDeployments[0].disputeGameFactoryProxyAddress')
export OP_PROPOSER_GAME_TYPE=1

cd ~/optimism/op-proposer

./bin/op-proposer \
  --poll-interval=12s \
  --rpc.port=8560 \
  --rollup-rpc=http://localhost:9545 \
  --private-key=$GS_PROPOSER_PRIVATE_KEY \
  --l1-eth-rpc=$L1_RPC_URL

七、验证部署

7.1 检查 L2 链状态

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' \
  $L2_RPC_URL

7.2 连接钱包到 Layer2

在 MetaMask 中添加自定义网络：

• 网络名称：OP Stack Rollup
• RPC URL：http://localhost:8545
• 链 ID：L2_CHAIN_ID
• 符号：ETH

7.3 将 SepoliaETH 发送到 Bridge 合约

# 获取 L1StandardBridge 地址
L1StandardBridge=$(cat ~/optimism/.deployer/state.json | jq -r '.opChainDeployments[0].l1StandardBridgeProxyAddress')
echo "L1StandardBridge 地址: $L1StandardBridge"

通过 Metamask 向你的 桥接地址 发送(0.0001 SepoliaETH)，发送成功后大约需要 5 分钟才能在 Layer2 上看到 ETH.

Hooray！Op Stack 部署成功！！！

八、基本转账 CLI 操作实例

8.1 从 L1 的 Admin 桥接到 L2 的 admin

cast send $L1StandardBridge \
  --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL \
  --private-key $GS_ADMIN_PRIVATE_KEY \
  --value 0.0001ether \
  "depositETH(uint32,bytes)" \
  200000 \
  "0x"

# 查看 Admin L1 和 L2 的余额
cast balance $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL
cast balance $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L2_RPC_URL

8.2 从 L1 的 Admin 桥接到 L2 的 Batcher

cast send $L1StandardBridge \
  --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL \
  --private-key $GS_ADMIN_PRIVATE_KEY \
  --value 0.0001ether \
  "depositETHTo(address,uint32,bytes)" \
  $GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS \
  200000 \
  "0x"

# 查看 Admin L1 和 Batcher L2 的余额
cast balance $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L1_RPC_URL
cast balance $GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L2_RPC_URL

8.3 L2 转账

# L2 从 Batcher 转账到 Admin
cast send $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS \
  --rpc-url $L2_RPC_URL \
  --private-key $GS_BATCHER_PRIVATE_KEY \
  --value 0.00001ether

# 查看 Admin L2 和 Batcher L2 的余额
cast balance $GS_ADMIN_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L2_RPC_URL
cast balance $GS_BATCHER_ADDRESS --rpc-url $L2_RPC_URL