助记词(Mnemonic Phrase)在加密货币领域,尤其是钱包中,被广泛用于生成和管理私钥。它们是基于 BIP-39 标准生成的。
作者丨Seek
助记词(Mnemonic Phrase)在加密货币领域,尤其是钱包中,被广泛用于生成和管理私钥。它们是基于 BIP-39 标准生成的。
首先生成一段随机熵(Entropy)。熵的长度可以是 128 到 256 位,并且是 32 的倍数。常见的熵长度有 128 位(12 个助记词)和 256 位(24 个助记词)。
对熵进行 SHA-256 哈希计算,并取哈希值的前几位作为校验和。校验和的长度取决于熵的长度。例如,128 位熵需要 4 位校验和(因为 128 / 32 = 4),256 位熵需要 8 位校验和。
将校验和附加到熵的末尾,形成一个新的二进制序列。这个序列的总长度为 (熵的长度 + 校验和的长度)。
将组合后的二进制序列分割成每组 11 位的片段,每个片段转换为一个数字,这个数字作为助记词列表中的索引。
使用这些索引从预定义的 2048 个助记词列表(BIP-39 词库)中提取相应的助记词。这些助记词就是最终的助记词短语。
const bip39 = require('bip39');
const crypto_ts = require('crypto');
// 1. 生成 128 位随机熵
const entropy = crypto_ts.randomBytes(16); // 128 位是 16 字节
// 2. 计算校验和 (SHA-256)
const hash = crypto_ts.createHash('sha256').update(entropy).digest();
const checksum = hash[0] >> 4; // 取前 4 位
// 3. 组合熵和校验和
let bits = '';
for (let i = 0; i < entropy.length; i++) {
bits += entropy[i].toString(2).padStart(8, '0');
}
bits += checksum.toString(2).padStart(4, '0');
// 4. 分割为助记词索引
const indices = [];
for (let i = 0; i < bits.length; i += 11) {
const index = parseInt(bits.slice(i, i + 11), 2);
indices.push(index);
}
// 5. 映射为助记词
const wordlist = bip39.wordlists.english;
const mnemonic = indices.map(index => wordlist[index]).join(' ');
def generate_mnemonic():
# 1. 生成 128 位随机熵 (16 字节)
entropy = os.urandom(16)
# 2. 计算校验和 (SHA-256)
hash_bytes = hashlib.sha256(entropy).digest()
checksum_bits = bin(hash_bytes[0])[2:].zfill(8)[:4] # 取前 4 位
# 3. 组合熵和校验和
entropy_bits = ''.join([bin(byte)[2:].zfill(8) for byte in entropy])
combined_bits = entropy_bits + checksum_bits
# 4. 分割为助记词索引
indices = [int(combined_bits[i:i + 11], 2) for i in range(0, len(combined_bits), 11)]
# 5. 映射为助记词
wordlist = bip39.INDEX_TO_WORD_TABLE
mnemonic = ' '.join([wordlist[index] for index in indices])
return mnemonic
# 生成并打印助记词
mnemonic_phrase = generate_mnemonic()
print(f"Generated mnemonic phrase: {mnemonic_phrase}")
助记词的单词数量通常为 12、15、18、21 或 24 个单词。如果给定的助记词的单词数量不在这些范围内,则助记词无效。
每个助记词单词必须存在于 BIP-39 标准的 2048 个单词的词汇表中。如果有任何一个单词不在词汇表中,则助记词无效。
将每个助记词单词转换为它在词汇表中的索引。每个索引表示一个 11 位的二进制数。将所有的二进制数连接起来形成一个位串。
位串的长度应该是助记词单词数乘以 11。例如,12 个单词的助记词对应的位串长度为 132 位。位串的前 128 位是种子,后 4 位是校验和。
将种子通过 SHA-256 哈希函数计算出一个哈希值,然后取哈希值的前 4 位作为计算得到的校验和。
比较提取的校验和和计算得到的校验和。如果两者匹配,则助记词有效,否则无效。
def validate_mnemonic(mnemonic, wordlist):
words = mnemonic.split()
# 检查单词数量
if len(words) not in [12, 15, 18, 21, 24]:
return False
# 检查单词是否在词汇表中
for word in words:
if word not in wordlist:
return False
# 将助记词转化成位串
binary_string = ''
for word in words:
index = wordlist.index(word)
binary_string += format(index, '011b')
# 提取种子和校验和
seed_bits_length = (len(words) * 11) - (len(words) // 3)
seed_bits = binary_string[:seed_bits_length]
checksum_bits = binary_string[seed_bits_length:]
# 计算校验和
import hashlib
seed_bytes = int(seed_bits, 2).to_bytes(len(seed_bits) // 8, byteorder='big')
hash_value = hashlib.sha256(seed_bytes).hexdigest()
hash_bits = bin(int(hash_value, 16))[2:].zfill(256)
calculated_checksum = hash_bits[:len(words) // 3]
# 验证校验和
return checksum_bits == calculated_checksum
# Example usage:
mnemonic = "legal winner thank year wave sausage worth useful legal winner thank yellow"
wordlist = [...] # BIP-39 wordlist
is_valid = validate_mnemonic(mnemonic, wordlist)
print("Is valid mnemonic:", is_valid)
和生成验证过程类似,这里不做过多的赘述。
调用 BIP-39 词库
const bip39 = require('bip39');
const bip32 = require('bip32');
export function createHelpWord(number: number, language: string) {
switch (language) {
case 'chinese_simplified':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'chinese_traditional':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'english':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.english);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.english);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.english);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.english);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.english);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'french':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.french);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.french);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.french);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.french);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.french);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'italian':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.italian);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.italian);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.italian);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.italian);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.italian);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'japanese':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'korean':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.korean);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.korean);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.korean);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.korean);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.korean);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
case 'spanish':
if(number === 12) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(128, null, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
} else if(number === 15) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(160, null, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
} else if(number === 18) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(192, null, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
} else if(number === 21) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(224, null, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
} else if(number === 24) {
return bip39.generateMnemonic(256, null, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
} else {
return "unsupported"
}
default:
return "unsupported"
}
}
export function wordsToEntropy(mnemonic: string, language: string) {
switch (language) {
case 'chinese_simplified':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
case 'chinese_traditional':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
case 'english':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.english);
case 'french':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.french);
case 'italian':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.italian);
case 'japanese':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
case 'korean':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.korean);
case 'spanish':
return bip39.mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
default:
return "unsupported"
}
}
export function entropyToWords(encrytMnemonic:string, language:string) {
switch (language) {
case 'chinese_simplified':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
case 'chinese_traditional':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
case 'english':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.english);
case 'french':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.french);
case 'italian':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.italian);
case 'japanese':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
case 'korean':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.korean);
case 'spanish':
return bip39.entropyToMnemonic(encrytMnemonic, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
default:
return "unsupported"
}
}
export function mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic, password){
return bip39.mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic, password)
}
export function mnemonicToSeedHex(mnemonic, password){
return bip39.mnemonicToSeedHex(mnemonic, password);
}
export function validateMnemonic(mnemonic, language) {
switch (language) {
case 'chinese_simplified':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.chinese_simplified);
case 'chinese_traditional':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.chinese_traditional);
case 'english':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.english);
case 'french':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.french);
case 'italian':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.italian);
case 'japanese':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.japanese);
case 'korean':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.korean);
case 'spanish':
return bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic, bip39.wordlists.spanish);
default:
return "unsupported"
}
}
test('test create mnemonic', async () => {
const mnemonic_12_english = createMnemonic(12, "english")
const mnemonic_12_chinese = createMnemonic(12, "chinese_simplified")
console.log(mnemonic_12_chinese)
console.log(mnemonic_12_chinese)
const mnemonic_to_entropy = mnemonicToEntropy(mnemonic_12_chinese, "chinese_simplified")
console.log(mnemonic_to_entropy)
const entropy_to_mnemonic = entropyToMnemonic(mnemonic_to_entropy, "chinese_simplified")
console.log(entropy_to_mnemonic)
const mnemonic_to_seed = mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic_to_entropy, "")
console.log(mnemonic_to_seed)
const mnemonic_to_seed_sync = mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic_to_entropy, "")
console.log(mnemonic_to_seed_sync)
const vm = validateMnemonic(mnemonic_to_entropy, "")
console.log(vm)
});
class Bip39Mnemonic:
def __init__(self):
pass
def createMnemonic(self, number):
mnemonic = bip39.get_entropy_bits(number)
return mnemonic
def mnemonicToEntropy(self, mnemonic):
decode_words = bip39.decode_phrase( mnemonic)
return decode_words
def entropyToMnemonic(self, entropy):
nemonic_entropy = bip39.encode_bytes(entropy)
return nemonic_entropy
def mnemonicToSeed(self, mnemonic):
nemonic_to_seed = bip39.phrase_to_seed(mnemonic)
return nemonic_to_seed
def validateMnemonic(self, mnemonic):
return bip39.check_phrase(mnemonic)
def generateMnemonic(self):
# 1. 生成 128 位随机熵 (16 字节)
entropy = os.urandom(16)
# 2. 计算校验和 (SHA-256)
hash_bytes = hashlib.sha256(entropy).digest()
checksum_bits = bin(hash_bytes[0])[2:].zfill(8)[:4] # 取前 4 位
# 3. 组合熵和校验和
entropy_bits = ''.join([bin(byte)[2:].zfill(8) for byte in entropy])
combined_bits = entropy_bits + checksum_bits
# 4. 分割为助记词索引
indices = [int(combined_bits[i:i + 11], 2) for i in range(0, len(combined_bits), 11)]
# 5. 映射为助记词
wordlist = bip39.INDEX_TO_WORD_TABLE
mnemonic = ' '.join([wordlist[index] for index in indices])
return mnemonic
import bip
bip39_mnemonic = bip.Bip39Mnemonic()
mnemonic_phrase = bip39_mnemonic.generateMnemonic()
print(f"Generated mnemonic phrase: {mnemonic_phrase}")
mnemonic_12_phrase = bip39_mnemonic.createMnemonic(12)
print(f"create mnemonic phrase: {mnemonic_phrase}")
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