...Identification and Signatures for Smart Cards, 1989 [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/0-387-34805-0\_22.pdf](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/0-387-34805-0_22.pdf)
- C. P. Schnorr. Efficient Signature Generation by Smart Cards. 1991. [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/...
...(decentralization)**。
[](https://github.com/Solana-ZH/solana-bootcamp-2026-cn/blob/main/02-blockchain-basics/img/centralized_vs_blockchain.svg)
#...