<h2 cid="n97" mdtype="heading" class="md-end-block md-heading" style="break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain md-expand">关于以太坊</span></h2><p cid="n101" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">比特币被人们称之为“全球账簿”，是因为它在比特币区块链上实现了一个去中心化的账本(这个账本只记录比特币的交易)，然而账本的作用只是存储数据。</span></p><p cid="n103" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">以太坊被人们称之为“世界计算机”，是因为它在以太坊区块链上实现了计算和存储，让整个以太坊网络就像我们自己的电脑一样。那么它是如何实现计算的呢？重点就是</span><span md-inline="strong" class="md-pair-s "><strong><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">智能合约</span></strong></span><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">——任何人都可以在以太坊上传和执行的程序代码段。</span></p><p cid="n109" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">以太坊实现了一个内置了编程语言的区块链协议，让区块链应用开发者可以高效快速地开发顶层应用——智能合约。</span></p><p cid="n117" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">在以太坊区块链上，交易是与区块链通信的唯一手段。一段智能合约代码作为交易的一部分被部署到以太坊区块链上，即随机生成一个合约地址(合约的账户)，任何人都可以向这个合约地址发送包含调用该智能合约的函数及参数的交易以执行该合约。详细讲解请参看</span><span md-inline="link" class="md-meta-i-c md-link"><a spellcheck="false" href="https://learnblockchain.cn/2018/01/04/understanding-smart-contracts" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); -webkit-user-drag: none;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">【译】完全理解以太坊智能合约</span></a></span></p><p cid="n120" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">由此，以太坊成为了一个为去中心化应用程序而生的全球开源平台，让区块链应用于货币以外的领域成为可能。</span></p><p cid="n197" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><blockquote cid="n158" mdtype="blockquote" style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; border-left-width: 4px; border-left-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); padding: 0px 15px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p cid="n172" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">以太坊的目的是基于脚本、竞争币和链上元协议（on-chain meta-protocol）概念进行整合和提高，使得开发者能够创建任意的基于共识的、可扩展的、标准化的、特性完备的、易于开发的和协同的应用。以太坊通过建立终极的抽象的基础层-内置有图灵完备编程语言的区块链-使得任何人都能够创建合约和去中心化应用并在其中设立他们自由定义的所有权规则、交易方式和状态转换函数。域名币的主体框架只需要两行代码就可以实现，诸如货币和信誉系统等其它协议只需要不到二十行代码就可以实现。智能合约-包含价值而且只有满足某些条件才能打开的加密箱子-也能在我们的平台上创建，并且因为图灵完备性、价值知晓（value-awareness）、区块链知晓（blockchain-awareness）和多状态所增加的力量而比比特币脚本所能提供的智能合约强大得多。</span></p><p cid="n173" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">——摘自以太坊白皮书</span></p></blockquote><blockquote cid="n224" mdtype="blockquote" style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; border-left-width: 4px; border-left-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); padding: 0px 15px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p cid="n288" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative;"><span md-inline="link" class="md-meta-i-c md-link"><a spellcheck="false" href="https://learnblockchain.cn/article/1201" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); -webkit-user-drag: none;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">什么是以太坊？</span></a></span></p></blockquote><p cid="n236" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><h2 cid="n242" mdtype="heading" class="md-end-block md-heading" style="break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">谁在维护这个世界计算机？</span></h2><p cid="n244" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">答案是：节点，即以太坊客户端，或者说矿工</span></p><p cid="n254" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">各以太坊客户端遵从以太坊规范和标准化通信协议，通过点对点网络相互通信相互操作，构成一个不会停机的、抗审查的、能自我维持的去中心化世界计算机，同步并验证交易，维护一条值得信奈的以太坊区块链。</span></p><p cid="n238" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">Geth和Parity（现已改名Open Ethereum）是两个最常见的以太坊客户端。</span></p><blockquote cid="n256" mdtype="blockquote" style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; border-left-width: 4px; border-left-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); padding: 0px 15px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p cid="n292" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative;"><span md-inline="link" class="md-meta-i-c md-link"><a spellcheck="false" href="https://learnblockchain.cn/article/1208" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); -webkit-user-drag: none;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">认识区块链节点</span></a></span></p></blockquote><p cid="n179" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><h2 cid="n183" mdtype="heading" class="md-end-block md-heading" style="break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">以太币</span></h2><p cid="n267" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">以太坊是一个公共网络，为了杜绝滥用和浪费，每一笔交易都需要向维护网络的矿工支付一定的报酬，在这里叫做gas费用。为了支付这笔gas费用，我们需要使用以太坊区块链的本币以太币（Ether）。</span></p><p cid="n264" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">所以以太币是用来计量和限制执行资源成本的，并非不具备任何价值意义的东西。</span></p><p cid="n181" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><h2 cid="n191" mdtype="heading" class="md-end-block md-heading" style="break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">应用</span></h2><p cid="n193" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="md-plain" md-inline="plain">一般来讲，以太坊之上有三种应用。</span></p><p cid="n282" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="md-plain" md-inline="plain">第一类是金融应用，为用户提供更强大的用他们的钱管理和参与合约的方法。包括子货币，金融衍生品，对冲合约，储蓄钱包，遗嘱，甚至一些种类的全面的雇佣合约。</span></p><p cid="n284" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="md-plain" md-inline="plain">第二类是半金融应用，这里有钱的存在但也有很重的非金钱的方面，一个完美的例子是为解决计算问题而设的自我强制悬赏。</span></p><p cid="n286" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">最后，还有在线投票和去中心化治理这样的完全的非金融应用。</span></p><p cid="n88" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><h2 class="md-end-block md-heading" mdtype="heading" cid="n295" style="break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">开发者如何开启以太坊的大门</span></h2><p cid="n297" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="link" class="md-meta-i-c md-link"><a spellcheck="false" href="https://learnblockchain.cn/eth/dev.html" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); -webkit-user-drag: none;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">写给以太坊开发者</span></a></span></p><p cid="n299" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="link" class="md-meta-i-c md-link"><a spellcheck="false" href="https://learnblockchain.cn/course/8" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); -webkit-user-drag: none;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">深入详解以太坊智能合约语言Solidity(含源码)</span></a></span></p><p cid="n302" mdtype="paragraph" class="md-end-block md-p" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span md-inline="link" class="md-meta-i-c md-link"><a spellcheck="false" href="https://learnblockchain.cn/docs/solidity/" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); -webkit-user-drag: none;"><span md-inline="plain" class="md-plain">Solidity 最新中文文档</span></a></span></p><p><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></p>