AbiCoder
AbiCoder是编码器的集合，可用于在EVM和更高级别库之间通过二进制数据格式进行编码和解码的操作。
大多数开发人员不需要直接使用这个类，因为Interface类极大地简化了这些操作。
在大多数情况下，都不需要手动创建AbiCoder的实例，因为当库被加载时，一个实例是用默认的强制函数创建的，它可以被普遍使用。
这可能只有那些有特殊需求的人才需要，通过二进制格式解码后将值进行强制更改。
This is likely only needed by those with specific needs to override how values are coerced after they are decoded from their binary format.
创建一个新的AbiCoder实例，在每一个需要解码的地方都会调用coerceFunc，调用的结果将在Result中使用。
函数签名是`(type, value)`，type字段是是描述类型的字符串，value 字段是来自底层Coder的处理过的值。
如果回调抛出错误，Result将包含一个被访问时将抛出的属性，从而允许更高级别的库从数据错误中恢复。
根据数组中的types对数组values进行编码，每个类型可以是字符串或ParamType。
// 对简单的类型进行编码
abiCoder.encode([ "uint", "string" ], [ 1234, "Hello World" ]);
// '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
// 对数组的类型进行编码
abiCoder.encode([ "uint[]", "string" ], [ [ 1234, 5678 ] , "Hello World" ]);
// '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000162e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
// 对复杂的结构体进行编码 (使用 positional 属性)
abiCoder.encode(
[ "uint", "tuple(uint256, string)" ],
[
1234,
[ 5678, "Hello World" ]
]
);
// '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000162e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
// 对复杂的结构体进行编码 (使用 keyword 属性)
abiCoder.encode(
[ "uint a", "tuple(uint256 b, string c) d" ],
[
1234,
{ b: 5678, c: "Hello World" }
]
);
// '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000162e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
// 对简单的类型进行解码
data = "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
abiCoder.decode([ "uint", "string" ], data);
// [
// { BigNumber: "1234" },
// 'Hello World'
// ]
// 对数组的类型进行解码
data = "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000162e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
abiCoder.decode([ "uint[]", "string" ], data);
// [
// [
// { BigNumber: "1234" },
// { BigNumber: "5678" }
// ],
// 'Hello World'
// ]
// 对复杂的结构体进行解码; 参数如果未命名，只允许按照位置（positional）方式去访问值（values）
data = "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000162e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f20576f726c64000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
abiCoder.decode([ "uint", "tuple(uint256, string)" ], data);
// [
// { BigNumber: "1234" },
// [
// { BigNumber: "5678" },
// 'Hello World'
// ]
// ]
// 对复杂的结构体进行解码; 参数如果已命名，可通过位置（positional）方式和关键词（keyword）方式去访问值（values）
abiCoder.decode([ "uint a", "tuple(uint256 b, string c) d" ], data);
// [
// { BigNumber: "1234" },
// [
// { BigNumber: "5678" },
// 'Hello World',
// b: { BigNumber: "5678" },
// c: 'Hello World'
// ],
// a: { BigNumber: "1234" },
// d: [
// { BigNumber: "5678" },
// 'Hello World',
// b: { BigNumber: "5678" },
// c: 'Hello World'
// ]
// ]
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