Uniswap core 有3个合约: Factory, Pair, WETH。Uniswap periphery 有1个合约: Router
hello everyone, 我是tony, 今天开始为大家分享我最近学习Uniswap的小小心得, 希望各位看官多多提意见, 大家一起进步.
Uniswap V2 代码地址: 核心代码: 包括 Factory, Pair, WETH 3个合约 https://github.com/Uniswap/v2-core 外围代码: Router合约 https://github.com/Uniswap/v2-periphery
Uniswap core 有3个合约: Factory, Pair, WETH Uniswap periphery 有1个合约: Router
function swapExactETHForTokens(uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline)
external
virtual
override
payable
ensure(deadline)
returns (uint[] memory amounts)
{
require(path[0] == WETH, 'UniswapV2Router: INVALID_PATH');
amounts = UniswapV2Library.getAmountsOut(factory, msg.value, path);
require(amounts[amounts.length - 1] >= amountOutMin, 'UniswapV2Router: INSUFFICIENT_OUTPUT_AMOUNT');
IWETH(WETH).deposit{value: amounts[0]}();
assert(IWETH(WETH).transfer(UniswapV2Library.pairFor(factory, path[0], path[1]), amounts[0]));
_swap(amounts, path, to);
}
上面的代码中, 用户需要用 ETH 换成 ERC20代币, 那么只能使用 WETH-ERC20 交易对, 用户将ETH发送给 Router, Router获得 ETH后用它换出 WETH ( 调用WETH.deposit() ), 再将 WETH 发送给 Pair, 换出目标 ERC20代币发送给参数 to 中指定的接收账户.
在后面的介绍中, 我们会阅读源码, 研究 swap的流程细节.
交易对的创建是在 Factory中完成, UniswapV2Factory.ceatePair 函数定义如下:
function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair) {
require(tokenA != tokenB, 'UniswapV2: IDENTICAL_ADDRESSES');
(address token0, address token1) = tokenA < tokenB ? (tokenA, tokenB) : (tokenB, tokenA);
require(token0 != address(0), 'UniswapV2: ZERO_ADDRESS');
require(getPair[token0][token1] == address(0), 'UniswapV2: PAIR_EXISTS'); // single check is sufficient
bytes memory bytecode = type(UniswapV2Pair).creationCode;
bytes32 salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1));
assembly {
pair := create2(0, add(bytecode, 32), mload(bytecode), salt)
}
IUniswapV2Pair(pair).initialize(token0, token1);
getPair[token0][token1] = pair;
getPair[token1][token0] = pair; // populate mapping in the reverse direction
allPairs.push(pair);
emit PairCreated(token0, token1, pair, allPairs.length);
}
这里Factory使用了 create2操作码部署新的 Pair 合约, 而不是 pair = new UniswapV2Pair(tokenA, tokenB):
assembly {
pair := create2(0, add(bytecode, 32), mload(bytecode), salt)
}
这样做的好处是: 它可以得到一个确定的pair地址, 使得 Router中就可以通过 tokenA, tokenB 计算出pair地址, 不再需要执行一次 Factory.getPair(tokenA, tokenB) 的跨合约调用, create2生成地址的规则是:
keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
hex'ff',
deployer_address, // 由Factory创建, 这里就是 factory合约地址
salt, // salt 是创建者自定义的数据, 避免重复, 这里的
// salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1)), 且 token0 < token1
keccak256(type(Contract_to_Deploy).creationCode) // 此处 Contract_to_Deploy = UniswapV2Pair
))))
参考 periphery的 libraries/UniswapV2Library.sol
function pairFor(address factory, address tokenA, address tokenB) internal pure returns (address pair) {
(address token0, address token1) = sortTokens(tokenA, tokenB);
pair = address(uint(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(
hex'ff',
factory,
keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1)),
hex'96e8ac4277198ff8b6f785478aa9a39f403cb768dd02cbee326c3e7da348845f'
))));
}
在这里, Router为了节省gas, 使用 pairFor获取 tokenA 和 tokenB 的交易对地址, 而且最后的字节码哈希也是预先计算出来, 硬编码到代码里面.
如果我们自己修改了 Pair的源代码合约, 重新部署后, Router就无法找到这个Pair地址了, 解决办法要么直接返回 factory.getPair(tokenA, tokenB), 要么就把以前部署的 Pair全部舍弃, 重新部署Factory和所有Pair, 再重新部署Router.
下面的 python示例代码用于计算 pair的hash, 我们可以在重新部署 Pair后调用这个函数, 再把hash复制到 UniswapV2Library.pairFor() 进行替换: 同时修改 UniswapV2Factory.sol , 增加两个函数用于测试:
contract UniswapV2Factory is IUniswapV2Factory {
...
/*
* 返回 Pair的字节码
*/
function pair_code() public view returns(bytes memory){
return type(UniswapV2Pair).creationCode;
}
/*
* 返回 Pair的字节码哈希
*/
function pair_codehash() public view returns(bytes32 ){
return keccak256( type(UniswapV2Pair).creationCode );
}
...
}
以下是python代码, 用于计算pair的 code_hash, 并且模拟 create2计算交易对地址, 如果与 factory.getPair得到的地址相同, 证明我们的 code_hash计算正确, 可以拷贝到 UniswapV2Library.sol 的 pairFor函数
###########################################################################################
#
# 重新编译并部署 pair 和 Factory 后, 调用此函数计算出hash, 放到 peripery/libraries/UniswapV2Library.sol 的
# 'pairFor' 函数, 替换原来的hash,
# 然后重新编译并部署Router
#
###########################################################################################
def calc_pair_address():
# 执行本函数前, 确保已经重新编译并部署 Factory 和 Pair, 同时部署测试代币 WBTC, USDT及交易对
# 执行完本函数后, 需要修改 Router源代码, 重新编译部署Router
abi, bytecode = _helper.get_contract_info(r"core/artifacts/UniswapV2Pair.json")
WBTC, USDT = _contracts["WBTC"], _contracts["USDT"]
factory = _contracts["Factory"]
pair_codehash = Web3.keccak(bytes.fromhex(bytecode))
addr1, addr2 = sorted((WBTC.address, USDT.address))
salt = Web3.solidityKeccak(['address' , 'address'], [addr1, addr2])
pair_address = Web3.solidityKeccak(['uint8', 'address' , 'bytes', 'bytes'],
[0xff,
factory.address,
salt,
pair_codehash])
print(f"pair code(python): 0x{bytecode}", )
evm_code = factory.functions.pair_code().call()
print(f"pair code (evm): 0x{evm_code.hex()}")
print(f"code hash(python): \n\t{pair_codehash.hex()}", )
evm_codehash = factory.functions.pair_codehash().call()
print(f"code hash(evm): \n\t0x{evm_codehash.hex()}")
print(f"pair address of WBTC-USDT(calculated from python): \n\t{pair_address.hex()}")
evm_pair_address = factory.functions.getPair(WBTC.address, USDT.address).call()
print(f"pair address of WBTC-USDT(in EVM create2): \n\t{evm_pair_address}")
得到以下结果, 证明我们的 python端计算 pair地址的方法是正确的:
pair code(python): 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pair code hash(python):
0xd0b942f04f5999da18c6933b57c7a558fc3b364ba0e233f5828591ee21b66669
pair code hash(evm):
0xd0b942f04f5999da18c6933b57c7a558fc3b364ba0e233f5828591ee21b66669
pair address of WBTC-USDT(calculated from python):
0x841f5e40d7573fd7fbe5a8a002a10759ad5e3bf3
pair address of WBTC-USDT(from EVM create2):
0x841F5E40d7573FD7FbE5A8A002a10759aD5E3BF3
ok, 第一部分暂时分享到这里, 接下来我们继续一起学习吧
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