KDA 钱包开发详细教程丨区块链技术培训课程 #21
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- 更新于 2024-06-28 11:00
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“KDA链”指的是Kadena（KDA）区块链平台。Kadena是一个基于区块链技术的高性能智能合约平台，旨在提供安全、高效和可扩展的区块链解决方案。Kadena项目由Stuart Popejoy和Will Martino于2016年创立，他们曾在摩根大通工作，并参与了JPMorgan的区块链项目J
作者丨Seek
KDA 简介
“KDA链”指的是Kadena（KDA）区块链平台。Kadena是一个基于区块链技术的高性能智能合约平台，旨在提供安全、高效和可扩展的区块链解决方案。Kadena项目由Stuart Popejoy和Will Martino于2016年创立，他们曾在摩根大通工作，并参与了JPMorgan的区块链项目Juno的开发。
01 主要特性和功能
-
Pact智能合约语言： Kadena使用一种名为Pact的智能合约语言，它强调安全性和易用性。Pact支持正式验证（Formal Verification），这意味着开发者可以数学上证明合约的正确性，从而减少漏洞和错误。
-
Chainweb并行共识机制： Kadena采用一种独特的共识机制称为Chainweb，这是一种并行化的工作量证明（PoW）共识协议。通过将多个独立的链并行运行并定期交叉链接，Chainweb能够实现高吞吐量和可扩展性。
-
混合区块链架构： Kadena提供公共链和私有链的解决方案，允许企业在私有链上运行内部应用，同时利用公共链进行更广泛的交互和验证。
-
可编程性和互操作性： Pact智能合约支持模块化编程和互操作性，开发者可以方便地创建和连接不同的区块链应用。
02 核心组件
-
公共链（Public Chain）： Kadena的公共链是一个去中心化的区块链网络，适用于广泛的公共和商业应用。
-
私有链（Private Chain）： Kadena的私有链解决方案为企业提供了一个安全、可控的区块链环境，适合处理敏感数据和内部业务流程。
-
KDA代币： KDA 是 Kadena区块链的原生加密货币，用于支付交易费用、激励矿工以及参与平台治理。
03 Kadena（KDA）的 Chainweb 共识机制
Kadena（KDA）采用一种独特的共识算法称为 Chainweb，这是一个并行化的工作量证明（Proof of Work, PoW）共识协议。Chainweb设计的目标是提高区块链的吞吐量和可扩展性，同时保持去中心化和安全性。
-
并行链（Parallel Chains）： Chainweb 架构由多条并行运行的链组成，每条链都有自己的区块和哈希链。
-
交叉链接（Cross-Chain Links）： 这些并行链定期通过交叉链接进行连接和同步。每个区块不仅包含自己的前区块的哈希，还包含来自其他并行链的区块哈希。这些交叉链接提供了一种机制，使得整个网络能够协调一致地进行共识。
-
工作量证明（PoW）： 和传统的 PoW 一样，矿工通过解决复杂的数学问题来挖掘区块，并获得奖励。Chainweb在此基础上，通过多个链并行工作，使得网络整体上能够处理更多的交易。
3.1 运行机制
-
独立挖矿： 每条链上的区块独立挖矿。矿工选择一条链并尝试挖掘下一个区块，这个过程与传统的PoW相似。
-
区块验证： 每个新生成的区块除了包含自己的交易记录和前区块的哈希，还包括与其交叉链接的其他链的最新区块的哈希。这样，验证一个区块不仅需要验证其自身的PoW，还需要验证其交叉链接的区块。
-
全网共识： 通过交叉链接，Chainweb 架构保证了所有并行链之间的共识。即使某一条链出现分叉，其他链的状态也能通过交叉链接进行验证和同步，从而维持整个网络的一致性。
3.2 优势
-
高吞吐量： 由于多个链并行运行，Chainweb 架构能够显著提高交易处理速度，增强区块链的吞吐量。
-
高可扩展性： 新链可以根据需要添加到网络中，从而进一步提高系统的处理能力。这种设计使得 Kadena 能够扩展以满足更大的交易需求。
-
安全性： 通过交叉链接，Chainweb 提供了额外的安全层。攻击者需要同时攻击多个并行链，增加了攻击的难度和成本。
-
去中心化： Chainweb 保持了 PoW 机制的去中心化特性，避免了集中化风险。
3.3 比较与传统 PoW
-
传统 PoW： 比特币等传统 PoW 网络依赖单条链进行共识，处理能力受限于单链的区块生成速度和大小。
-
Chainweb： 通过并行链和交叉链接，Chainweb 突破了单链的限制，能够并行处理大量交易，同时保持去中心化和安全性。
KDA 离线地址生成
test('create Key', async ()=>{
const privteKey = "Ecc privateKey"
const wifKey = export function createKdaAddress (seedHex: string, addressIndex: string) {
const { key } = derivePath("m/44'/626'/0'/0'" + addressIndex + "'", seedHex);
const publicKey = getPublicKey(new Uint8Array(key), false).toString('hex');
const hdWallet = {
privateKey: key.toString('hex') + publicKey,
publicKey,
address: "k:" + publicKey
};
return JSON.stringify(hdWallet);
}.PrivateKey.fromHex(privteKey)
console.log(wifKey.toWif())
console.log(wifKey.toPublic().toString());
});export function pubKeyToAddress(params: any): string {
const { pubKey } = params;
return "k:" + pubKey
}KDA 离线签名
export async function signTransaction(params) {
const {
txObj: { toPub, from, to, amount, chainId, targetChainId, gasPrice, gasLimit, decimal, spv, pactId },
network,
privs
} = params;
const decimals = new BigNumber(10).pow(Number(decimal));
const amountBig = new BigNumber(amount).times(decimals);
if (amountBig.toString().indexOf(".") !== -1 || amountBig.comparedTo(new BigNumber(MAX_AMOUNT_SAFE)) > 0 || amountBig.comparedTo(new BigNumber(0)) <= 0) {
throw new Error(`参数错误: 转账数额无效(${amountBig.toString()})`);
}
if (chains.indexOf(chainId.toString()) === -1) {
throw new Error(`chainId 错误, 请选择 0 到 19`);
}
if (chains.indexOf(targetChainId.toString()) === -1) {
throw new Error(`targetChainId 错误, 请选择 0 到 19`);
}
if (!privs || privs.length === 0) {
throw new Error('must have private key');
}
let keypair = nacl.sign.keyPair.fromSecretKey(new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(privs[0].key, 'hex')));
const sendPublickey = Buffer.from(keypair.publicKey).toString("hex");
const privateKey = privs?.[0]?.key.length === 64 ? privs?.[0]?.key : privs?.[0]?.key.slice(0, 64);
const networkId = network === "main_net" ? 'mainnet01' : 'testnet04';
if (chainId === targetChainId) {
let method = 'transferOffline';
if (toPub && toPub.length === 64) {
method = 'transferCreateOffline';
}
const params = {
SignObj: {
sender: from,
senderPubKey: sendPublickey,
senderSecretKey: privateKey,
receiver: to,
receiverPubKey: toPub,
amount: amount,
chainId: chainId.toString(),
targetChainId: targetChainId.toString(),
networkId: networkId,
gasPrice: Number(gasPrice),
gasLimit: gasLimit,
spv: "",
pactId: "",
},
method: method,
}
return JSON.stringify(CreateOfflineSignTx(params))
} else {
const params = {
SignObj: {
sender: from,
senderPubKey: sendPublickey,
senderSecretKey: privateKey,
receiver: to,
receiverPubKey: toPub,
amount: amount,
chainId: chainId.toString(),
targetChainId: targetChainId.toString(),
networkId: networkId,
gasPrice: Number(gasPrice),
gasLimit: gasLimit,
spv: spv,
pactId: pactId,
},
method: 'crossTransferOffline',
}
return JSON.stringify(CreateOfflineSignTx(params))
}
}注意：若代码不完整，付费学员可以联系 The Web3 社区寻求完整代码KDA 钱包对接相关接口
01 获取账户余额
-
接口作用：获取账户余额
-
接口参数构造 python 代码示范
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
from hashlib import blake2b
from base64 import b64encode
from datetime import datetime
import calendar
def hashbin(s):
if not isinstance(s, bytes):
s = s.encode('utf8')
i = blake2b(digest_size=32)
i.update(s)
return i.digest()
def hash_blake(s):
return b64encode(hashbin(s))
def str_to_timestamp(s):
s = s[:19]
dt = datetime.strptime(s, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').timetuple()
return int(calendar.timegm(dt))
def assemble_balance_payload(account):
payload = {
"exec": {
"data": None,
"code": "(coin.get-balance \"{}\")".format(account)
}
}
signers = []
nonce = datetime.utcnow()
targe_nonce = str(nonce.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f UTC'))
creation_time = str_to_timestamp(targe_nonce)
meta = {
"creationTime": creation_time,
"ttl": 1800,
"gasLimit": 1000,
"chainId": "",
"gasPrice": 1.0e-2,
"sender": ""
}
cmd = {
"networkId": "mainnet01",
"payload": payload,
"signers": signers,
"meta": meta,
"nonce": targe_nonce
}
cmd_str = json.dumps(cmd, separators=(',', ':'))
hash_str = hash_blake(cmd_str)
tx_hash = hash_str.decode().replace('+', '-').replace('/', '_').replace('=', '')
raw_transaction = {
"hash": tx_hash,
}
raw_transaction["sigs"] = []
raw_transaction["cmd"] = json.dumps(cmd, separators=(',', ':'))
return json.dumps(raw_transaction, separators=(',', ':'))
print(assemble_balance_payload("k:259e184f5c7cecf261063dd298e250b2303cf896a3d6705eedd35cc8b97cee9b"))- 请求示范
curl --location 'https://api.chainweb.com/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/chain/2/pact/api/v1/local' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{"hash":"2I4-ePSHkVU6L9YZqK6nbN-ez02gCkdtXTwzZllwpAM","sigs":[],"cmd":"{\"networkId\":\"mainnet01\",\"payload\":{\"exec\":{\"data\":null,\"code\":\"(coin.get-balance \\\"k:259e184f5c7cecf261063dd298e250b2303cf896a3d6705eedd35cc8b97cee9b\\\")\"}},\"signers\":[],\"meta\":{\"creationTime\":1717726460,\"ttl\":1800,\"gasLimit\":1000,\"chainId\":\"\",\"gasPrice\":0.01,\"sender\":\"\"},\"nonce\":\"2024-06-07 02:14:20.222256 UTC\"}"}'- 返回值
{
"gas": 20,
"result": {
"status": "success",
"data": 1.459869
},
"reqKey": "2I4-ePSHkVU6L9YZqK6nbN-ez02gCkdtXTwzZllwpAM",
"logs": "wsATyGqckuIvlm89hhd2j4t6RMkCrcwJe_oeCYr7Th8",
"metaData": {
"publicMeta": {
"creationTime": 1717726460,
"ttl": 1800,
"gasLimit": 1000,
"chainId": "",
"gasPrice": 1.0e-2,
"sender": ""
},
"blockTime": 1717103631588214,
"prevBlockHash": "bE0BbAubTPj9bMbODafRRlvYvuo-r-0WAVzlakDMHbM",
"blockHeight": 4821734
},
"continuation": null,
"txId": null
}- data 为账户余额
02 获取 SPV
-
接口作用：获取跨链交易需要使用的 SPV
-
接口参数：
-
requestKey：源链交易 Hash
-
targetChainId 目标链 ID
-
请求示范
curl --location 'https://api.chainweb.com/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/chain/2/pact/spv' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"requestKey": "POfJqi3iIEoX8vo8CWvAxtJUQvMA3OfyRWYTDSFuU4Q",
"targetChainId": "1"
}'- 返回值
"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"- 返回值即为 spv, 用户签名跨链交易发送到目标链上
03 获取各条链的最新块高
-
接口作用：获取 10 条链的块高
-
请求参数：无
-
请求示范
curl --location 'https://api.chainweb.com/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/cut'- 返回值
{
"hashes": {
"17": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "8pQ-3FO29fK-rY8ba6L7xRzOPXSYwsW0Aeva_vsarM0"
},
"16": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "CWk5WWEkO8UTKjRzSuGUd9aRDYLTrGAfQnQ_MpJKrdA"
},
"19": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "rX8tLNp5lfhjBgNw3-HJGBu5NNtP8wSwZm3DLSlKE1Y"
},
"18": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "oLbJGcbKjM9HTVrKRpXwnQ8ievPyQjjYVe6JHQMf9U8"
},
"5": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "jThvZbClD2ye686iEjFY2oiFokbkbKOS8wRnE0LAyDg"
},
"4": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "ENJFCjL_1Yp0Iu9J3nd-qQpn9bRRei_jVIQ6hQewUqQ"
},
"7": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "B07c5QthGdvoLqE9Y59YmVrzslwViDZwF-jGz_5O2Ws"
},
"6": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "2uEikksdlPehPMfSXnfWmGMvIVnr3VvAHNt2DMqMFCc"
},
"1": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "g9gP4wqPPylvOCKEsdaOwnj0asA9VFkQF-zFuT2dZBY"
},
"0": {
"height": 4841222,
"hash": "RmsCuFPPPPs8NQ7u7LMR4Q_LUVklz35JILGp00PMeNg"
},
"3": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "G1YGper1Nwuv7orbZC2WaLopaPt1g3Qzn3kgeXE--P8"
},
"2": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "nsXjqewBt1fyMUovlqZ0e7PIRu8eoqvR08QDsynJf_g"
},
"13": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "3kVa-MelRan6U6ykEytgTpMHDPQz3zSPa5N1HepEJxQ"
},
"12": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "q-h33GYgEUVpFLAmBvf3eMF_iu4pmeEjHkoYMI27Nus"
},
"15": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "x3GOSps1hUopLPazZsrAHamvvkyw_aHJEBXGoxo7Dnk"
},
"14": {
"height": 4841222,
"hash": "Nq34vAcyzUh528914_g64gWx5crV8Py-NhResg9S-2U"
},
"9": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "uNZgb8dTzYrDZisAkLkoe2M8aD40E6pnhh8KbekZCOI"
},
"8": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "QJyADFef-9mk9wHCprRVDaw1JAaD70-BIWDw0gUbozU"
},
"11": {
"height": 4841224,
"hash": "e_utLD8zc1kGaLWDcVOIqbD_HIszEGzTa4i89jNarB4"
},
"10": {
"height": 4841223,
"hash": "DWjkLhp2Ql3rDuHA0r5yd6ji7jHp1ZZAMzErPA-ve7g"
}
},
"origin": null,
"weight": "5rRNkAj_c03zfRcAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA",
"height": 96824466,
"instance": "mainnet01",
"id": "X7QnBOavHldNR3GPlJgQ3DZq5C_PyIjIhlnX212jPPE"
}-
height：最新块高
-
hash：区块 Hash
-
height 和 hash 前面的数字是链的标号
04 根据块高获取块信息
-
接口作用：根据块高获取块信息
-
参数：
-
minheight：起始区块
-
maxheight：结束区块
-
请求示范
curl --location 'https://api.chainweb.com/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/chain/15/header?minheight=4841250&maxheight=4841250'- 返回值
{
"limit": 2,
"items": [
"AAAAAAAAAADN4aO8OhoGAOBzcvf5wbn8rH8ZCxqeb4TKlOzccJXCnFMKe5aZgSnjAwAAAAAAGw4ykoZXsXlRGOkKc4fMD_0nB7K_J-wNfkI00WJyQBwOAAAAQ44Ls8M9WyUK1eRNhKcrbCaT1mDvhiMO-vtn8TLz0OAQAAAAz4vkS4PDBpMYWuUeSll4xLaH_xOBWNheawlHmeJfFvQENyJen40iRX2wyr2O_0dbSp4vqECmLFUOAAAAAAAAALtu3jpxRJ8BxPj0a_uT3vfIJc1oXF6c2YLfz0vQVRGQDwAAAIYiESH39Z_5qCwBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIt9JAAAAAAAFAAAAuQz4FzoaBgCON9nm9rGPmKLtKYIyIgQUZnsku_r99c7nyMf5ccHVK-vG8LGXzMwp",
"AAAAAAAAAADTpay8OhoGAOBzcvf5wbn8rH8ZCxqeb4TKlOzccJXCnFMKe5aZgSnjAwAAAAAAGw4ykoZXsXlRGOkKc4fMD_0nB7K_J-wNfkI00WJyQBwOAAAAQ44Ls8M9WyUK1eRNhKcrbCaT1mDvhiMO-vtn8TLz0OAQAAAAz4vkS4PDBpMYWuUeSll4xLaH_xOBWNheawlHmeJfFvQENyJen40iRX2wyr2O_0dbSp4vqECmLFUOAAAAAAAAANNH3pUUkZL8iQkYg0ar5mUjvmg0hAjPjgW-Fir0kDpBDwAAAIYiESH39Z_5qCwBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIt9JAAAAAAAFAAAAuQz4FzoaBgAPbU8qDExYIu77NSBtjkJdLVYYPKuobJLHS8v-Fo6ZbjkiTqhgmR8c"
],
"next": "exclusive:7vs1IG2OQl0tVhg8q6hsksdLy_4WjpluOSJOqGCZHxw"
}- Item 里面的 190 到 222 取出来之后做 base64 编码之后为 Payload Hash
05 根据 payload hash 获取交易详情
-
接口作用：根据 payload hash 获取交易详情
-
接口参数：payload hash
-
请求示范
curl --location 'https://api.chainweb.com/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/chain/15/payload/u27eOnFEnwHE-PRr-5Pe98glzWhcXpzZgt_PS9BVEZA/outputs'- 返回值
{
"transactions": [
[
"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",
"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"
],
[
"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",
"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"
]
],
"minerData": "eyJhY2NvdW50IjoiazoyNTFlZmIwNmYzYjc5OGRiZTdiYjNmNThmNTM1YjY3YjBhOWVkMmRhOWFhNGUyMzY3YmU0YWJjMDdjYzkyN2ZhIiwicHJlZGljYXRlIjoia2V5cy1hbGwiLCJwdWJsaWMta2V5cyI6WyIyNTFlZmIwNmYzYjc5OGRiZTdiYjNmNThmNTM1YjY3YjBhOWVkMmRhOWFhNGUyMzY3YmU0YWJjMDdjYzkyN2ZhIl19",
"transactionsHash": "2sXMEnpo9UDZRQV2ZNfhiwWYiYK98tOqRXPe6QXxkrs",
"outputsHash": "EwbSZ1XlkLFYTRz3auf9spIrXxruVVpjvMf6-JhttQM",
"payloadHash": "u27eOnFEnwHE-PRr-5Pe98glzWhcXpzZgt_PS9BVEZA",
"coinbase": "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"
}- 返回的接口交易解析伪代码如下
let timeStamp;
let fromAddrs: any = [];
let toAddrs: any = [];
let amounts: any = [];
const dataBuf = base64url.toBuffer(blockTxResJson.items[i]);
const payloadReq = base64url.encode(dataBuf.slice(190, 222));
const txReqOps = {
url: config.host + `/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/chain/${chainId}/payload/${payloadReq}/outputs`,
};
let txResOpsJson: any = await requestApi(txReqOps, true, { get: true });
for(let j =0; j < txResOpsJson.transactions.length; j++) {
const signCmd = JSON.parse(base64url.decode(txResOpsJson.transactions[j][0]));
const txInfo = JSON.parse(base64url.decode(txResOpsJson.transactions[j][1]));
if (txInfo.result.status === "success" && txInfo.reqKey === txHash) {
const payload = JSON.parse(signCmd.cmd).payload
timeStamp = JSON.parse(signCmd.cmd).meta.creationTime
for (let key in payload){
if(key === "cont") {
if (payload.cont && payload.cont.proof !== undefined && payload.cont.step !== undefined && payload.cont.step == 1) {
if(txInfo.continuation !== null) {
const transfer = txInfo.continuation.continuation
if (transfer.def === "coin.transfer-crosschain") {
fromAddrs.push(transfer.args[0])
toAddrs.push(transfer.args[1])
amounts.push(transfer.args[4].toString())
}
}
}
}
if(key === "exec") {
const payload_code = payload.exec.code
const m = payload_code.match(/\((.*?) /)
if (m.indexOf("coin.transfer-crosschain") !== -1 || m.indexOf("coin.transfer-create") !== -1 || m.indexOf("coin.transfer") !== -1) {
const signers = JSON.parse(signCmd.cmd).signers
if (signers.length === 0 || signers[0].clist.length >= 3) {
continue
}
for(let k = 0; k < signers[0].clist.length; k++) {
if (signers[0].clist[k].name === "coin.TRANSFER" || signers[0].clist[k].name === "coin.TRANSFER_XCHAIN") {
const transferArgs = signers[0].clist[k].args
if(transferArgs.length === 4 || transferArgs.length === 3) {
fromAddrs.push(transferArgs[0])
toAddrs.push(transferArgs[1])
let amount = transferArgs[2]
for (let key in transferArgs[2]){
if(key === "decimal") {
amount = transferArgs[2].decimal
}
}
amounts.push(amount.toString())
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
fromAddress: fromAddrs ,
toAddress: toAddrs ,
amount: amounts,
timestamp: timeStamp,
confirms: lastestBlock - Number(blockHeight), 06 广播交易到区块链网络
-
接口作用：发送交易到区块链网络
-
接口参数：离线签名的交易体
-
请求示范
curl --location 'https://api.chainweb.com/chainweb/0.0/mainnet01/chain/2/pact/api/v1/send' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{"cmds":[{"hash":"uSOYjbztP-C1_zEZk0Gka-RTKyuozwiQWt9IskTQv1I","sigs":[{"sig":"adeb64689c43cbd3c27ff4a692803cf990433554fe4b4d379894c2f9ebc934f1689ee3df6e66416308fe4403893ecb0bf83399b71942044eec521cf01eec9809"}],"cmd":"{\"networkId\":\"mainnet01\",\"payload\":{\"exec\":{\"data\":{},\"code\":\"(coin.transfer \\\"k:259e184f5c7cecf261063dd298e250b2303cf896a3d6705eedd35cc8b97cee9b\\\" \\\"k:6a7bb957fedd2c7e14edb76e66be3c588881f121185aa5d7cb1cb436155c6164\\\" 0.01)\"}},\"signers\":[{\"clist\":[{\"name\":\"coin.TRANSFER\",\"args\":[\"k:259e184f5c7cecf261063dd298e250b2303cf896a3d6705eedd35cc8b97cee9b\",\"k:6a7bb957fedd2c7e14edb76e66be3c588881f121185aa5d7cb1cb436155c6164\",0.01]},{\"name\":\"coin.GAS\",\"args\":[]}],\"pubKey\":\"259e184f5c7cecf261063dd298e250b2303cf896a3d6705eedd35cc8b97cee9b\"}],\"meta\":{\"creationTime\":1717723428,\"ttl\":600,\"gasLimit\":600,\"chainId\":\"2\",\"gasPrice\":0.0001,\"sender\":\"k:259e184f5c7cecf261063dd298e250b2303cf896a3d6705eedd35cc8b97cee9b\"},\"nonce\":\"\\\"2024-06-07T01:24:02.801Z\\\"\"}"}]}'- 返回值
{
"requestKeys": [
"uSOYjbztP-C1_zEZk0Gka-RTKyuozwiQWt9IskTQv1I"
]
}- requestKeys：交易 Hash
和钱包相关的特点总结
01 Gas 经验值
-
STATIC_FEE = dec('0.006')
-
STATIC_GAS_PRICE = dec('0.00003')
02 跨链交易特点
- KDA 整个项目由 20 条链组成，链与链之间的资产独立，可以互相跨转
跨链交易流程如下：
-
源链发送一笔离线签名交易
-
使用 RequestKey 和目标链 chainID 做为接口参数获取 spv
-
使用 SPV 和 PactId(RequestKey 做为 PactId )离线签名之后目标链上再发一笔交易
03 其他特点
-
算法：Ed25519
-
代币精度：12
附录
本文参与登链社区写作激励计划 ，好文好收益，欢迎正在阅读的你也加入。
