深入探索 Aptos Move：Object 配置与实操指南
- 寻月隐君
- 更新于 2024-09-15 15:19
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深入探索AptosMove：Object配置与实操指南AptosMove是一门专为区块链设计的编程语言，以其模块化与高效性著称。在Move生态系统中，Object是一个核心概念，它为开发者提供了灵活的资源管理工具。本文章将详细介绍如何配置和使用Move中的Object，以及实
深入探索 Aptos Move：Object 配置与实操指南
Aptos Move 是一门专为区块链设计的编程语言，以其模块化与高效性著称。在 Move 生态系统中，Object 是一个核心概念，它为开发者提供了灵活的资源管理工具。本文章将详细介绍如何配置和使用 Move 中的 Object，以及实操步骤帮助开发者更好地理解与应用这一关键功能。
本文重点介绍 Aptos Move 中的 Object 配置与使用方法，详细解释了如何创建和自定义 Object、控制其行为、转移管理、受控转移及删除权限等内容。文章还通过实操演示了如何创建、发布并调用 Object 相关方法，帮助开发者快速上手并掌握 Object 的配置技巧和编程流程。
OBJECT 配置与使用
object 有哪些配置？
- 扩展对象：将对象变成可动态配置的，可以往里面添置新的 Struct 资源
- 转移管理：可以开启或者禁用 object transfer 功能
- 受控转移：仅可使用一次转移功能
- 允许删除：允许删除对象
Creating an Object involves two steps:
- Creating the
ObjectCoreresource group (which has an address you can use to refer to the Object later). - Customizing how the Object will behave using permissions called
Refs.
实操
第一步：创建项目并初始化
hello_aptos on main via 🅒 base
➜
mcd lesson10
hello_aptos/lesson10 on main via 🅒 base
➜
aptos move init --name lesson10
{
"Result": "Success"
}
hello_aptos/lesson10 on main [?] via 🅒 base
➜
aptos init
Configuring for profile default
Choose network from [devnet, testnet, mainnet, local, custom | defaults to devnet]
No network given, using devnet...
Enter your private key as a hex literal (0x...) [Current: None | No input: Generate new key (or keep one if present)]
No key given, generating key...
Account 0x06b234f711414a80cf8c61e1121433c17d19e46e7d9c646cb66cb6c47f296d0d doesn't exist, creating it and funding it with 100000000 Octas
Account 0x06b234f711414a80cf8c61e1121433c17d19e46e7d9c646cb66cb6c47f296d0d funded successfully
---
Aptos CLI is now set up for account 0x06b234f711414a80cf8c61e1121433c17d19e46e7d9c646cb66cb6c47f296d0d as profile default!
See the account here: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/account/0x06b234f711414a80cf8c61e1121433c17d19e46e7d9c646cb66cb6c47f296d0d?network=devnet
Run `aptos --help` for more information about commands
{
"Result": "Success"
}
hello_aptos/lesson10 on main [?] via 🅒 base took 4.6s
➜
open -a RustRover .
第二步：实现代码
main.move
module lesson10::MyObject {
use std::signer;
use aptos_framework::object;
use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct MyStruct has key {
num: u8
}
entry fun create(caller: &signer) {
let caller_address = signer::address_of(caller);
let obj_ref = object::create_object(caller_address);
let obj_signer = object::generate_signer(&obj_ref);
move_to(&obj_signer, MyStruct { num: 42 })
}
}
第三步：compile 发布
/opt/homebrew/bin/aptos move publish --named-addresses lesson10=default
Compiling, may take a little while to download git dependencies...
UPDATING GIT DEPENDENCY https://github.com/aptos-labs/aptos-core.git
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY AptosFramework
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY AptosStdlib
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY MoveStdlib
BUILDING lesson10
warning[W09001]: unused alias
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:4:35
│
4 │ use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
│ ^^^^^^ Unused 'use' of alias 'Object'. Consider removing it
warning: unused alias
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:4:35
│
4 │ use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
│ ^^^^^^ Unused 'use' of alias 'Object'. Consider removing it
package size 1117 bytes
Do you want to submit a transaction for a range of [135200 - 202800] Octas at a gas unit price of 100 Octas? [yes/no] >
yes
Transaction submitted: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xc118c64be5356d7c2dd350a2f1493bf45200a7ac17d8888c2aed4361986874d0?network=devnet
{
"Result": {
"transaction_hash": "0xc118c64be5356d7c2dd350a2f1493bf45200a7ac17d8888c2aed4361986874d0",
"gas_used": 1352,
"gas_unit_price": 100,
"sender": "06b234f711414a80cf8c61e1121433c17d19e46e7d9c646cb66cb6c47f296d0d",
"sequence_number": 0,
"success": true,
"timestamp_us": 1726286241870315,
"version": 65182258,
"vm_status": "Executed successfully"
}
}
Process finished with exit code 0
第四步：查看 Transaction
第五步：查看合约代码
第六步：调用 Create 方法 Run create
第七步：Approve
第八步：调用 create 方法 success
第九步：查看调用结果 Transaction
https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/65349015/userTxnOverview?network=devnet
第十步：查看 Object
第十一步：增加 update 和 query 方法
module lesson10::MyObject {
use std::signer;
use aptos_framework::object;
use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct MyStruct has key {
num: u8
}
entry fun create(caller: &signer) {
let caller_address = signer::address_of(caller);
let obj_ref = object::create_object(caller_address);
let obj_signer = object::generate_signer(&obj_ref);
move_to(&obj_signer, MyStruct { num: 42 })
}
entry fun update(caller: &signer, obj_addr: address, num: u8) acquires MyStruct {
let obj_ref = borrow_global_mut<MyStruct>(obj_addr);
obj_ref.num = num;
}
#[view]
public fun query(obj_addr: address): u8 acquires MyStruct {
let obj_ref = borrow_global<MyStruct>(obj_addr);
obj_ref.num
}
}
第十二步：再次发布
/opt/homebrew/bin/aptos move publish --named-addresses lesson10=default
Compiling, may take a little while to download git dependencies...
UPDATING GIT DEPENDENCY https://github.com/aptos-labs/aptos-core.git
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY AptosFramework
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY AptosStdlib
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY MoveStdlib
BUILDING lesson10
warning[W09001]: unused alias
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:4:35
│
4 │ use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
│ ^^^^^^ Unused 'use' of alias 'Object'. Consider removing it
warning[W09002]: unused variable
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:19:22
│
19 │ entry fun update(caller: &signer, obj_addr: address, num: u8) acquires MyStruct {
│ ^^^^^^ Unused parameter 'caller'. Consider removing or prefixing with an underscore: '_caller'
warning: unused alias
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:4:35
│
4 │ use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
│ ^^^^^^ Unused 'use' of alias 'Object'. Consider removing it
warning: unused variable
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:19:22
│
19 │ entry fun update(caller: &signer, obj_addr: address, num: u8) acquires MyStruct {
│ ^^^^^^ Unused parameter 'caller'. Consider removing or prefixing with an underscore: '_caller'
package size 1293 bytes
Do you want to submit a transaction for a range of [13900 - 20800] Octas at a gas unit price of 100 Octas? [yes/no] >
yes
Transaction submitted: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0x809b54562d52b7efc92d7df0ba83dcb40e4f8cbdf74c667dcef9ac69aa2fde71?network=devnet
{
"Result": {
"transaction_hash": "0x809b54562d52b7efc92d7df0ba83dcb40e4f8cbdf74c667dcef9ac69aa2fde71",
"gas_used": 139,
"gas_unit_price": 100,
"sender": "06b234f711414a80cf8c61e1121433c17d19e46e7d9c646cb66cb6c47f296d0d",
"sequence_number": 1,
"success": true,
"timestamp_us": 1726301062080986,
"version": 65413944,
"vm_status": "Executed successfully"
}
}
Process finished with exit code 0
第十三步：查看 Transaction
第十四步：查看合约
第十五步：调用create 方法
第十六步：调用 create 方法 success
调用 create 方法成功
第十七步：查看 调用 create Transaction
第十八步：查看创建的对象
第十九步：调用 query 方法查看
注意：参数为 object 地址
第二十步：调用 Update 方法更新为 88
第二十一步：再次调用 query 方法查看
可以看到已经成功更新！
第二十二步：添加资源与配置实现代码
main.move代码
module lesson10::MyObject {
use std::signer;
use aptos_framework::object;
use aptos_framework::object::{Object, ObjectGroup};
// resource
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct MyStruct has key {
num: u8
}
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct YourStruct has key {
bools: bool
}
// Extensibility
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct ExtendRef has key {
extend_ref: object::ExtendRef
}
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct TransferRef has key {
transfer_ref: object::TransferRef
}
#[resource_group_member(group = ObjectGroup)]
struct DeleteRef has key {
delete_ref: object::DeleteRef
}
entry fun create(caller: &signer) {
let caller_address = signer::address_of(caller);
let obj_ref = object::create_object(caller_address);
let obj_signer = object::generate_signer(&obj_ref);
let obj_extend_ref = object::generate_extend_ref(&obj_ref);
let obj_transfer_ref = object::generate_transfer_ref(&obj_ref);
let obj_delete_ref = object::generate_delete_ref(&obj_ref);
move_to(&obj_signer, MyStruct { num: 42 });
move_to(&obj_signer, ExtendRef { extend_ref: obj_extend_ref });
move_to(&obj_signer, TransferRef { transfer_ref: obj_transfer_ref });
move_to(&obj_signer, DeleteRef { delete_ref: obj_delete_ref });
}
entry fun add_struct(obj: Object<MyStruct>) acquires ExtendRef {
let obj_addr = object::object_address(&obj);
let obj_extend_ref = &borrow_global<ExtendRef>(obj_addr).extend_ref;
let obj_signer = object::generate_signer_for_extending(obj_extend_ref);
move_to(&obj_signer, YourStruct { bools: true })
}
entry fun transfer(owner: &signer, obj: Object<MyStruct>, to: address) {
object::transfer(owner, obj, to);
}
entry fun switch_transfer(obj: Object<MyStruct>) acquires TransferRef {
let obj_addr = object::object_address(&obj);
let obj_transfer_ref = &borrow_global<TransferRef>(obj_addr).transfer_ref;
if (object::ungated_transfer_allowed(obj)) {
object::disable_ungated_transfer(obj_transfer_ref);
} else {
object::enable_ungated_transfer(obj_transfer_ref);
}
}
entry fun delete(owner: &signer, obj: Object<MyStruct>) acquires DeleteRef {
let obj_addr = object::object_address(&obj);
let DeleteRef { delete_ref } = move_from<DeleteRef>(obj_addr);
object::delete(delete_ref);
}
entry fun update(caller: &signer, obj_addr: address, num: u8) acquires MyStruct {
let obj_ref = borrow_global_mut<MyStruct>(obj_addr);
obj_ref.num = num;
}
#[view]
public fun query(obj_addr: address): u8 acquires MyStruct {
let obj_ref = borrow_global<MyStruct>(obj_addr);
obj_ref.num
}
#[view]
public fun owner(obj: Object<MyStruct>): address {
object::owner(obj)
}
}
第二十三步：发布
/opt/homebrew/bin/aptos move publish --named-addresses lesson10=default --skip-fetch-latest-git-deps
Compiling, may take a little while to download git dependencies...
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY AptosFramework
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY AptosStdlib
INCLUDING DEPENDENCY MoveStdlib
BUILDING lesson10
warning[W09002]: unused variable
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:71:22
│
71 │ entry fun delete(owner: &signer, obj: Object<MyStruct>) acquires DeleteRef {
│ ^^^^^ Unused parameter 'owner'. Consider removing or prefixing with an underscore: '_owner'
warning[W09002]: unused variable
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:78:22
│
78 │ entry fun update(caller: &signer, obj_addr: address, num: u8) acquires MyStruct {
│ ^^^^^^ Unused parameter 'caller'. Consider removing or prefixing with an underscore: '_caller'
warning: unused variable
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:71:22
│
71 │ entry fun delete(owner: &signer, obj: Object<MyStruct>) acquires DeleteRef {
│ ^^^^^ Unused parameter 'owner'. Consider removing or prefixing with an underscore: '_owner'
warning: unused variable
┌─ /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Aptos/hello_aptos/lesson10/sources/main.move:78:22
│
78 │ entry fun update(caller: &signer, obj_addr: address, num: u8) acquires MyStruct {
│ ^^^^^^ Unused parameter 'caller'. Consider removing or prefixing with an underscore: '_caller'
package size 2544 bytes
Do you want to submit a transaction for a range of [57100 - 85600] Octas at a gas unit price of 100 Octas? [yes/no] >
yes
Transaction submitted: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xd710922357ab939a6214bf71abc0dff63dbda628779df45b6dd457f9efa4c899?network=devnet
{
"Result": {
"transaction_hash": "0xd710922357ab939a6214bf71abc0dff63dbda628779df45b6dd457f9efa4c899",
"gas_used": 571,
"gas_unit_price": 100,
"sender": "a7bf08e4b2ef5eb2e8caf4755a78453a8a09f16e958d7e3f613aaf532c813e05",
"sequence_number": 1,
"success": true,
"timestamp_us": 1726318231800770,
"version": 65681916,
"vm_status": "Executed successfully"
}
}
Process finished with exit code 0
第二十四步：查看 发布 Transaction
第二十五步：查看 合约 Code
第二十六步：调用 create 方法
点击 RUN
第二十七步：Approve
第二十八步：create successful
第二十九步：查看 调用 create Transaction
第三十步：查看 Object
0xda54ee23be09f91444f5384467386f1792bc4ed013e9d754464a6fb58c4c1918
第三十一步：调用 add_struct
第三十二步：查看 调用 add_struct Transaction
第三十三步：调用 transfer 方法
第三十四步：查看 transfer Transaction
第三十五步：调用owner 方法查看 owner
可以看到owner已经是新的地址了！
第三十六步：调用query 方法查看对应的值
可以看到查询到的值为 42！
第三十七步：调用update 方法更新值为 100
注意：这里owner 没有限制故可以修改！实际开发中应根据具体情况做出相应的限制。
第三十八步：调用query 方法查询更新后的结果
可以看到值已经成功更新为 100！
第三十九步：调用create 方法创建一个新的 Object
Transaction：
object：0x6b61f12d681855d3ec4af3d4b34d9989757d9d4faa1226873b4a40d007c5d952
第四十步：调用switch_transfer 方法
Transaction:
0x483752217542f5411050e2c885076a2b81864c6e70ff3b0e054c973ed87d6975
调用switch_transfer 后不能再 transfer了
第四十一步：调用transfer 方法验证
点击 RUN
报错：The object does not have ungated transfers enabled
成功验证了switch_transfer后是不能transfer 的！
第四十二步：调用 delete 方法
调用之前：
调用之后：
成功删除！
扩展：update transfer 可以增加限制功能！
object 源码参考
/// Create a new named object and return the ConstructorRef. Named objects can be queried globally
/// by knowing the user generated seed used to create them. Named objects cannot be deleted.
public fun create_named_object(creator: &signer, seed: vector<u8>): ConstructorRef {
let creator_address = signer::address_of(creator);
let obj_addr = create_object_address(&creator_address, seed);
create_object_internal(creator_address, obj_addr, false)
}
/// Create a new object whose address is derived based on the creator account address and another object.
/// Derivde objects, similar to named objects, cannot be deleted.
public(friend) fun create_user_derived_object(creator_address: address, derive_ref: &DeriveRef): ConstructorRef {
let obj_addr = create_user_derived_object_address(creator_address, derive_ref.self);
create_object_internal(creator_address, obj_addr, false)
}
/// Create a new object by generating a random unique address based on transaction hash.
/// The unique address is computed sha3_256([transaction hash | auid counter | 0xFB]).
/// The created object is deletable as we can guarantee the same unique address can
/// never be regenerated with future txs.
public fun create_object(owner_address: address): ConstructorRef {
let unique_address = transaction_context::generate_auid_address();
create_object_internal(owner_address, unique_address, true)
}
/// Same as `create_object` except the object to be created will be undeletable.
public fun create_sticky_object(owner_address: address): ConstructorRef {
let unique_address = transaction_context::generate_auid_address();
create_object_internal(owner_address, unique_address, false)
}总结
通过本文的讲解与实操，读者应已掌握 Aptos Move 中 Object 的核心概念与配置方法。Object 的动态扩展性和受控转移功能赋予了开发者更大的灵活性，使资源管理更加便捷与安全。借助这些工具，开发者能够更高效地构建复杂的区块链应用。
参考
- https://aptos.dev/en/build/smart-contracts/objects/creating-objects#adding-resources
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xb104e9a19a680aeab1d6c3e7816114277b28b7cc32f5ccd52ef6ce2a2fd117af/changes?network=devnet
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xe7d27e6bf38cff91460803dabe95e47824b752f92ace85340a137ab762ff67c5/changes?network=devnet
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/object/0x6b61f12d681855d3ec4af3d4b34d9989757d9d4faa1226873b4a40d007c5d952?network=devnet
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0x45d02a0ec1d495ce35048a420a748f213d7e740b99925da6607f81dcb66a361e?network=devnet
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xe7d27e6bf38cff91460803dabe95e47824b752f92ace85340a137ab762ff67c5/changes?network=devnet
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xc654a954cbe0c289b54af1d94d84aafa5a5ad3f2ac9fbfea0081d3fdb299b4e2?network=devnet
- https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0xdb84814e5e17280382339ebccc593013256d9ba6ca85dbb0dc6c6239d5fa3453?network=devnet
- https://aptos.dev/en/build/smart-contracts/objects/creating-objects#adding-resources
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