模式匹配模式模式是Rust中的一种特殊语法,用于匹配复杂和简单类型的结构将模式与匹配表达式和其他构造结合使用,可以更好地控制程序的控制流模式由以下元素(的一些组合)组成:字面值解构的数组、enum、struct和tuple变量通配符占位符想要使用模式,需要将其与某个值
match VALUE {
PATTERN => EXPRESSION,
PATTERN => EXPRESSION,
PATTERN => EXPRESSION,
}
fn main() {
let favorite_color: Option<&str> = None;
let is_tuesday = false;
let age: Result<u8, _> = "34".parse();
if let Some(color) = favorite_color {
println!("Using your favorite color, {}, as the background", color);
} else if if_tuesday {
println!("Tuesday is green day!");
} else if let Ok(age) = age {
if age > 30 {
println!("Using purple as the background color");
} else {
println!("Using orange as the background color");
}
} else {
println!("Using blue as the background color");
}
}
fn main() {
let mut stack = Vec::new();
stack.push(1);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(3);
while let Some(top) = stack.pop() {
println!("{}", top);
}
}
fn main() {
let v = vec!['a', 'b', 'c'];
for (index, value) in v.iter().enumerate() {
println!("{} is at index {}", value , index);
}
}
fn main() {
let a = 5;
let (x, y, z) = (1, 2, 3);
let (q, w) = (4, 5, 6); // 报错 类型不匹配 3 2
}
fn foo(x: i32) {
// code goes here
}
fn print_coordinates(&(x, y): &(i32, i32)) {
println!("Current location: ({}, {})", x, y);
}
fn main() {
let point = (3, 5);
print_coordinates(&point);
}
let x = 5;
if let Some(x) = a_value
fn main() {
let a: Option<i32> = Some(5);
let Some(x) = a: // 报错 None
if let Some(x) = a {}
if let x = 5 {} // 警告
}
fn main() {
let x = 1;
match x {
1 => println!("one"),
2 => println!("two"),
3 => println!("three"),
_ => println!("anything"),
}
}
fn main() {
let x = Some(5);
let y = 10;
match x {
Some(50) => println!("Got 50"),
Some(y) => println!("Matched, y = {:?}", y),
_ => println!("Default case, x = {:?}", x),
}
println!("at the end: x = {:?}, y = {:?}", x, y);
}
fn main() {
let x = 1;
match x {
1 | 2 => println!("one or two"),
3 => println!("three"),
_ => println!("anything"),
}
}
fn main() {
let x = 5;
match x {
1..=5 => println!("one through five"),
_ => println!("something else"),
}
let x = 'c';
match x {
'a' ..='j' => println!("early ASCII letter"),
'k' ..='z' => println!("late ASCII letter"),
_ => println!("something else"),
}
}
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
fn main() {
let p = Point { x: 0, y: 7 };
let Point { x: a, y: b } = p;
assert_eq!(0, a);
assert_eq!(7, b);
let Point {x, y} = p;
assert_eq!(0, x);
assert_eq!(7, y);
match p {
Point {x, y: 0} => println!("On the x axis at {}", x),
Point {x: 0, y} => println!("On the y axis at {}", y),
Point {x, y} => println!("On neither axis: ({}, {})", x, y),
}
}
enum Message {
Quit,
Move {x: i32, y: i32},
Write(String),
ChangeColor(i32, i32, i32),
}
fn main() {
let msg = Message::ChangeColor(0, 160, 255);
match msg {
Message::Quit => {
println!("The Quit variant has no data to destructure.")
}
Message::Move {x, y} => {
println!("Move in the x direction {} and in the y direction {}", x, y);
}
Message::Write(text) => println!("Text message: {}", text),
Message::ChangeColor(r, g, b) => {
println!("Change the color to red {}, green {}, and blue {}", r, g, b);
}
}
}
enum Color {
Rgb(i32, i32, i32),
Hsv(i32, i32, i32),
}
enum Message {
Quit,
Move {x: i32, y: i32},
Write(String),
ChangeColor(Color),
}
fn main() {
let msg = Message::ChangeColor(Color::Hsv(0, 160, 255));
match msg {
Message::ChangeClolr(Color::Rgb(r, g, b)) => {
println!("Change the color to red {}, green {}, and blur {}", r, g, b)
}
Message::ChangeColor(Color::Hsv(h, s, v)) => {
println!("Change the color to hue {}, saturation {}, and value {}", h, s, v)
}
_ => (),
}
}
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
fn main() {
let ((feet, inches), Point {x, y}) = ((3, 10), Point {x: 3, y: -10});
}
fn foo(_: i32, y: i32) {
println!("This code only uses the y parameter: {}", y);
}
fn main() {
foo(3, 4);
}
fn main() {
let mut setting_value = Some(5);
let new_setting_value = Some(10);
match (setting_value, new_setting_value) {
(Some(_), Some(_)) => {
println!("Can't overwrite an existing customized value");
}
_ => {
setting_value = new_setting_value;
}
}
println!("setting is {:?}", setting_value);
let numbers = (2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32);
match numbers {
(first, _, third, _, fifth) => {
println!("Some numbers: {}, {}, {}", first, third, fifth)
}
}
}
fn main() {
let _x = 5;
let y = 10; // 创建未使用 警告
let s = Some(String::from("Hello"));
if let Some(_s) = s { // if let Some(_) = s {
println!("found a string");
}
println!("{:?}", s); // 报错
}
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
z: i32,
}
fn main() {
let origin = Point {x: 0, y: 0, z: 0};
match origin {
Point {x, ..} => println!("x is {}", x),
}
let numbers = (2, 4, 8, 16, 32);
match numbers {
(first, .., last) => {
println!("Some numbers: {}, {}", first, last);
}
}
match numbers {
(.., second, ..) => { // 报错
println!("Some numbers: {}", second)
},
}
}
例子一:
fn main() {
let num = Some(4);
match num {
Some(x) if x < 5 => println!("less than five: {}", x),
Some(x) => println!("{}", x),
None => (),
}
}
例子二:
fn main() {
let x = Some(5);
let y = 10;
match x {
Some(50) => println!("Got 50"),
Some(n) if n == y => println!("Matched, n = {:?}", n),
_ => println!("Default case, x = {:?}", x),
}
println!("at the end: x = {:?}, y = {:?}", x, y);
}
例子三:
fn main() {
let x = 4;
let y = false;
match x {
4 | 5 | 6 if y => println!("yes"),
_ => println!("no"),
}
}
enum Message {
Hello {id: i32},
}
fn main() {
let msg = Message::Hello {id: 5};
match msg {
Message::Hello {
id: id_variable @ 3..=7,
} => {
println!("Found an id in range: {}", id_variable)
}
Message::Hello {id: 10..=12} => {
println!("Found an id in another range")
}
Message::Hello {id} => {
println!("Found some other id: {}", id)
}
}
}
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