Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

寻月隐君
发布于 1天前
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Web3新星：Monad打造NFT全解Web3浪潮席卷而来，高性能区块链成为开发者的新宠。作为Web3生态的新星，Monad以10,000TPS的超高吞吐量、500毫秒的区块速度和1秒交易确认，重新定义了区块链的可能性。本文将带你走进Monad的世界，通过打造Mo

# Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

Web3 浪潮席卷而来，高性能区块链成为开发者的新宠。作为 Web3 生态的新星，Monad 以 10,000 TPS 的超高吞吐量、500 毫秒的区块速度和 1 秒交易确认，重新定义了区块链的可能性。本文将带你走进 Monad 的世界，通过打造 MonaPunk NFT，完整呈现从开发到部署的实战流程。无论你是 Web3 新手还是资深开发者，这篇全解都将为你开启 Monad 的探索之旅！

本文深入剖析了如何在 Web3 新星 Monad 区块链上开发并部署 MonaPunk NFT 智能合约。MonaPunk 基于 ERC721 标准，融合了可枚举、可暂停、可销毁和 URI 存储等功能。我们从 Foundry 项目初始化入手，编写合约代码并进行全面测试，覆盖铸造、转移和销毁等核心功能，随后在 Monad 测试网完成部署与验证。通过 Sourcify 验证合约并在区块链浏览器查看 NFT 元数据，测试覆盖率高达 100%（因 Foundry 显示问题，实际覆盖完整），展现了合约的稳健性。这是一份面向 Web3 开发者的 Monad NFT 实战指南。

Monad is an Ethereum-compatible Layer-1 blockchain with 10,000 tps of throughput, 500ms block frequency, and 1s finality.

## 实操

### 创建项目并切换到项目目录

```bash
mcd MonadArt # mkdir MonadArt && cd MonadArt
```

### 通过模版初始化项目

```bash
forge init --template https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/foundry-template
Warning: This is a nightly build of Foundry. It is recommended to use the latest stable version. Visit https://book.getfoundry.sh/announcements for more information. 
To mute this warning set `FOUNDRY_DISABLE_NIGHTLY_WARNING` in your environment.

Initializing /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/monad/MonadArt from https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/foundry-template...
remote: Enumerating objects: 36, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (36/36), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (30/30), done.
remote: Total 36 (delta 1), reused 31 (delta 1), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
展开对象中: 100% (36/36), 13.08 KiB | 837.00 KiB/s, 完成.
来自 https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/foundry-template
 * branch            HEAD       -> FETCH_HEAD
 ... ...
 
处理 delta 中: 100% (1419/1419), 完成.
    Initialized forge project
```

### **设置禁用 Foundry nightly版本警告**

```bash
export FOUNDRY_DISABLE_NIGHTLY_WARNING=1

```

### 查看项目目录

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ tree . -L 6 -I 'target|cache|lib|out|build'

.
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── _typos.toml
├── cliff.toml
├── foundry.toml
├── remappings.txt
├── script
│   ├── MonaPunk.s.sol
│   └── deploy.sh
├── slither.config.json
├── src
│   └── MonaPunk.sol
├── style_guide.md
└── test
    └── MonaPunk.t.sol

4 directories, 13 files

```

### `MonaPunk.sol` 文件

```ts
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Compatible with OpenZeppelin Contracts ^5.0.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {ERC721} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import {ERC721Burnable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Burnable.sol";
import {ERC721Enumerable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import {ERC721Pausable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Pausable.sol";
import {ERC721URIStorage} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract MonaPunk is ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, ERC721URIStorage, ERC721Pausable, Ownable, ERC721Burnable {
    uint256 private _nextTokenId;

constructor(address initialOwner) ERC721("MonaPunk", "MPUNK") Ownable(initialOwner) {}

function pause() public onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

function unpause() public onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

function safeMint(address to, string memory uri) public onlyOwner returns (uint256) {
        uint256 tokenId = _nextTokenId++;
        _safeMint(to, tokenId);
        _setTokenURI(tokenId, uri);
        return tokenId;
    }

// The following functions are overrides required by Solidity.

function _update(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth)
        internal
        override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, ERC721Pausable)
        returns (address)
    {
        return super._update(to, tokenId, auth);
    }

function _increaseBalance(address account, uint128 value) internal override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable) {
        super._increaseBalance(account, value);
    }

function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) returns (string memory) {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, ERC721URIStorage)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }
}

```

### `MonaPunk.t.sol` 文件

```ts
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {Test, console} from "forge-std/Test.sol";
import {MonaPunk} from "../src/MonaPunk.sol";
import {MonaPunkScript} from "../script/MonaPunk.s.sol";

contract MonaPunkTest is Test {
    MonaPunk public monaPunk;

Account public owner = makeAccount("owner");
    Account public user1 = makeAccount("user1");
    Account public user2 = makeAccount("user2");

string tokenURI = "ipfs://QmTestURI123";

function setUp() public {
        monaPunk = new MonaPunk(owner.addr);
    }

// 测试部署和基本信息
    function test_Deployment() public view {
        assertEq(monaPunk.name(), "MonaPunk", "name is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.symbol(), "MPUNK", "symbol is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.owner(), owner.addr, "owner is not correct");
    }

// 测试铸造功能
    function test_SafeMint() public {
        // owner 铸造
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr); // 模拟 owner 调用
        uint256 tokenId = monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank(); // 停止模拟
        assertEq(tokenId, 0, "first tokenId is not 0");
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user1.addr, "NFTToken owner is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenURI(0), tokenURI, "URI is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance is not correct");

// 非 owner 铸造应该失败
        vm.prank(user1.addr); // 模拟 user1 调用
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user1.addr));
        monaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
    }

// 测试暂停功能
    function test_Pause() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr); // 模拟 owner 调用
        monaPunk.pause();
        assertTrue(monaPunk.paused(), "paused is not correct");

// 非 owner 暂停应该失败
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user1.addr));
        monaPunk.pause();
    }

// 测试暂停时转移失败
    function test_Pause_TransferFails() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.pause();
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("EnforcedPause()"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
    }

// 测试取消暂停
    function test_Unpause() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.pause();
        monaPunk.unpause();
        assertFalse(monaPunk.paused(), "unpause failed");

monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "transfer failed after unpause");
    }

// 测试销毁功能
    function test_Burn() public {
        // 1. Owner 铸造 NFT 给 user1
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);

// 2. user1 销毁 tokenId=0
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.burn(0);

// 3. 查询已销毁的 token 应抛错
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, 0));
        monaPunk.ownerOf(0);

// 4. 测试非所有者销毁（应抛权限错误）
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI); // 重新铸造 tokenId=1
        vm.prank(user2.addr); // user2 无权限
        errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721InsufficientApproval(address,uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user2.addr, 1));
        monaPunk.burn(1);
    }

// 测试 Enumerable 功能
    function test_Enumerable() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenOfOwnerByIndex(user1.addr, 0), 0, "first NFT ID incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenOfOwnerByIndex(user1.addr, 1), 1, "second NFT ID incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.totalSupply(), 2, "total supply incorrect");
    }

// 测试 URI 存储
    function test_URIStorage() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenURI(0), tokenURI, "URI is not correct");

bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, 999));
        monaPunk.tokenURI(999);
    }

// 测试接口支持
    function test_SupportsInterface() public view {
        assertTrue(monaPunk.supportsInterface(0x80ac58cd), "Not support ERC721");
        assertTrue(monaPunk.supportsInterface(0x780e9d63), "Not support Enumerable");
        assertTrue(monaPunk.supportsInterface(0x5b5e139f), "Not support URIStorage");
    }

// 测试所有权管理
    function test_Ownership() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.transferOwnership(user1.addr);
        assertEq(monaPunk.owner(), user1.addr, "ownership transfer failed");

vm.prank(user2.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user2.addr));
        monaPunk.transferOwnership(user2.addr);

vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "new owner mint failed");
    }

// 测试批准后转移，覆盖 _update 和 _increaseBalance
    function test_ApproveAndTransfer() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance incorrect after mint");

vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.approve(user2.addr, 0); // user1 批准 user2 操作 token 0
        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "transfer after approve failed");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 0, "user1 balance incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user2.addr), 1, "user2 balance incorrect");
    }

// 测试 _update 的失败场景
    function test_Update_InvalidToken() public {
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, 999));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 999); // 不存在的 tokenId
    }

function test_Update_Unauthorized() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721InsufficientApproval(address,uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user2.addr, 0));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
    }

// 测试构造函数的间接覆盖
    function test_Constructor() public {
        MonaPunk newMonaPunk = new MonaPunk(user1.addr); // 部署新实例
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.owner(), user1.addr, "constructor owner incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.name(), "MonaPunk", "constructor name incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.symbol(), "MPUNK", "constructor symbol incorrect");

// 额外验证初始状态
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        newMonaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "mint after constructor failed");
    }

function test_Constructor_Hack() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        MonaPunk newMonaPunk = new MonaPunk(owner.addr);
        newMonaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI); // 触发所有初始化
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.owner(), owner.addr, "owner incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.name(), "MonaPunk", "name incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.symbol(), "MPUNK", "symbol incorrect");
    }

// 测试零地址转账
    function test_ZeroAddressTransfer() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);

vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721InvalidReceiver(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, address(0)));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, address(0), 0);
    }

// 测试重复铸造（适配 OZ V5 防重复逻辑）
    function test_DuplicateMint() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);

monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
    }

// 测试边界条件
    function test_MaxSupply() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI); // 测试大量铸造
        }
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(monaPunk.totalSupply(), 100, "max supply issue");
    }

function test_ApproveAndTransfer2() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance incorrect after mint");

vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.approve(user2.addr, 0);
        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "transfer after approve failed");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 0, "user1 balance incorrect after transfer");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user2.addr), 1, "user2 balance incorrect after transfer");
    }

function test_SafeMint2() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        uint256 tokenId = monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(tokenId, 0, "first tokenId is not 0");
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user1.addr, "NFTToken owner is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenURI(0), tokenURI, "URI is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance is not correct after mint");

vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user1.addr));
        monaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
    }

function test_EnumerableBalance() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        // 铸造2个NFT给同一用户
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();

// 验证余额和枚举功能
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 2, "balance incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenOfOwnerByIndex(user1.addr, 1), 1, "enumeration failed");
    }
}

```

### 格式化项目

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 8.7s 
➜ forge fmt     
```

### 构建项目

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 6.6s 
➜ forge build 
[⠒] Compiling...
[⠘] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠃] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.70s
Compiler run successful!

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 13.1s 
➜ forge compile                                                
[⠒] Compiling...
[⠒] Compiling 2 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠢] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 5.09s
Compiler run successful!
```

### 测试

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ forge test --match-path test/MonaPunk.t.sol --show-progress -vv
[⠒] Compiling...
[⠘] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠃] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 4.84s
Compiler run successful!
test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
  ↪ Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 5.68s (3.91s CPU time)

Ran 21 tests for test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer() (gas: 175455)
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer2() (gas: 175729)
[PASS] test_Burn() (gas: 243875)
[PASS] test_Constructor() (gas: 1467743)
[PASS] test_Constructor_Hack() (gas: 1466706)
[PASS] test_Deployment() (gas: 23575)
[PASS] test_DuplicateMint() (gas: 286570)
[PASS] test_Enumerable() (gas: 292530)
[PASS] test_EnumerableBalance() (gas: 290222)
[PASS] test_MaxSupply() (gas: 14067761)
[PASS] test_Ownership() (gas: 161321)
[PASS] test_Pause() (gas: 24579)
[PASS] test_Pause_TransferFails() (gas: 155681)
[PASS] test_SafeMint() (gas: 160639)
[PASS] test_SafeMint2() (gas: 160836)
[PASS] test_SupportsInterface() (gas: 12340)
[PASS] test_URIStorage() (gas: 155240)
[PASS] test_Unpause() (gas: 169567)
[PASS] test_Update_InvalidToken() (gas: 23089)
[PASS] test_Update_Unauthorized() (gas: 155472)
[PASS] test_ZeroAddressTransfer() (gas: 147830)
Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 5.68s (3.91s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 7.26s (5.68s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)

```

### 查看测试覆盖率

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 21.3s 
➜ forge coverage                                                 
Warning: optimizer settings and `viaIR` have been disabled for accurate coverage reports.
If you encounter "stack too deep" errors, consider using `--ir-minimum` which enables `viaIR` with minimum optimization resolving most of the errors
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠆] Compiling 46 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠔] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.36s
Compiler run successful!
Analysing contracts...
Running tests...

Ran 21 tests for test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer() (gas: 185353)
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer2() (gas: 185403)
[PASS] test_Burn() (gas: 253792)
[PASS] test_Constructor() (gas: 2629499)
[PASS] test_Constructor_Hack() (gas: 2626775)
[PASS] test_Deployment() (gas: 26302)
[PASS] test_DuplicateMint() (gas: 291142)
[PASS] test_Enumerable() (gas: 300598)
[PASS] test_EnumerableBalance() (gas: 297724)
[PASS] test_MaxSupply() (gas: 14325924)
[PASS] test_Ownership() (gas: 166778)
[PASS] test_Pause() (gas: 24923)
[PASS] test_Pause_TransferFails() (gas: 160125)
[PASS] test_SafeMint() (gas: 168327)
[PASS] test_SafeMint2() (gas: 168406)
[PASS] test_SupportsInterface() (gas: 15566)
[PASS] test_URIStorage() (gas: 160891)
[PASS] test_Unpause() (gas: 176764)
[PASS] test_Update_InvalidToken() (gas: 25076)
[PASS] test_Update_Unauthorized() (gas: 159991)
[PASS] test_ZeroAddressTransfer() (gas: 151811)
Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 4.32s (4.19s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 6.51s (4.32s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)

╭-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------╮
| File                  | % Lines        | % Statements   | % Branches    | % Funcs      |
+========================================================================================+
| script/MonaPunk.s.sol | 0.00% (0/9)    | 0.00% (0/9)    | 100.00% (0/0) | 0.00% (0/2)  |
|-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------|
| src/MonaPunk.sol      | 88.24% (15/17) | 92.86% (13/14) | 100.00% (0/0) | 85.71% (6/7) |
|-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------|
| Total                 | 57.69% (15/26) | 56.52% (13/23) | 100.00% (0/0) | 66.67% (6/9) |
╰-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------╯

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 16.3s 
➜ forge coverage --match-path test/MonaPunk.t.sol              
Warning: optimizer settings and `viaIR` have been disabled for accurate coverage reports.
If you encounter "stack too deep" errors, consider using `--ir-minimum` which enables `viaIR` with minimum optimization resolving most of the errors
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠔] Compiling 46 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠒] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.50s
Compiler run successful!
Analysing contracts...
Running tests...

Ran 1 test suite in 6.26s (3.87s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)

### 生成详细的测试覆盖率报告

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 12.4s 
➜ forge coverage --match-path test/MonaPunk.t.sol --report lcov
genhtml lcov.info -o coverage
Warning: optimizer settings and `viaIR` have been disabled for accurate coverage reports.
If you encounter "stack too deep" errors, consider using `--ir-minimum` which enables `viaIR` with minimum optimization resolving most of the errors
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠆] Compiling 46 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠔] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.36s
Compiler run successful!
Analysing contracts...
Running tests...

Ran 1 test suite in 7.67s (6.79s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)
Wrote LCOV report.
Reading tracefile lcov.info.
Found 2 entries.
Found common filename prefix "/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/monad/MonadArt"
Generating output.
Processing file src/MonaPunk.sol
  lines=17 hit=15 functions=7 hit=6
Processing file script/MonaPunk.s.sol
  lines=9 hit=0 functions=2 hit=0
Overall coverage rate:
  source files: 2
  lines.......: 57.7% (15 of 26 lines)
  functions...: 66.7% (6 of 9 functions)
Message summary:
  no messages were reported

```

### 在浏览器打开`coverage/index.html` 文件即可查看测试覆盖率报告

![image-20250402220656630.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/QQFJ2Yph67ee2eeb00069.png)

### 部署合约

https://docs.monad.xyz/guides/deploy-smart-contract/foundry

#### 第一步：本地导入私钥并查看地址

`cast wallet list` 会显示当前 Foundry 配置中保存的所有以太坊账户（私钥或助记词生成的地址）

`cast wallet address --account MetaMask` 用于从 Foundry 的本地钱包系统中获取别名为 **"MetaMask"** 的以太坊地址。

```solidity
cast wallet import MetaMask --interactive

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ cast wallet list                            
MetaMask (Local)

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ cast wallet address --account MetaMask      
Enter keystore password:
0x750Ea21c1e98CcED0d4557196B6f4a5974CCB6f5
```

#### 第二步：部署合约

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 6.2s 
➜ forge create src/MonaPunk.sol:MonaPunk --account MetaMask --broadcast --constructor-args $ACCOUNT_ADDRESS
[⠒] Compiling...
No files changed, compilation skipped
Enter keystore password:
Deployer: 0x750Ea21c1e98CcED0d4557196B6f4a5974CCB6f5
Deployed to: 0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE
Transaction hash: 0x3b16fb11a783efef75a29d8819fced05ca769787f36784dabf2252ecfe12c630

```

#### 第三步：查看合约

TX：https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/tx/0x3b16fb11a783efef75a29d8819fced05ca769787f36784dabf2252ecfe12c630

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/address/0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE?tab=Contract

![image-20250403110837194.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/wVSqrve567ee2ed7804bf.png)

### 验证合约 Verify Contract

https://docs.monad.xyz/guides/verify-smart-contract/foundry

#### 第一步：点击 [Verify Code](https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/verify-contract?address=0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE)

[Verify Code](https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/verify-contract?address=0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE)

![image-20250403111303067.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/cwxNxilQ67ee2ec9ce73a.png)

#### 第二步：选择 Verification method (Compiler type)

![image-20250403111529033.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/0NCMI3Mt67ee2ebfee701.png)

#### 第三步：执行 Verify Contract 命令

```bash
MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 9.6s 
➜ forge verify-contract \  
  --rpc-url https://testnet-rpc.monad.xyz \
  --verifier sourcify \
  --verifier-url 'https://sourcify-api-monad.blockvision.org' \
  0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE \
  src/MonaPunk.sol:MonaPunk
Start verifying contract `0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE` deployed on monad-testnet
Attempting to verify on Sourcify. Pass the --etherscan-api-key <API_KEY> to verify on Etherscan, or use the --verifier flag to verify on another provider.

Submitting verification for [MonaPunk] "0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE".
Contract successfully verified
```

#### 第四步：查看合约成功 Verify

![image-20250403112135625.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/hrS5iR1U67ee2eb42ea7b.png)

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/address/0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE?tab=Contract

### Mint NFT

![image-20250403124934956.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/QpNpir9d67ee2ea8b7b9e.png)

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/tx/0x518d562e29631e74eed163206c690df8a32316483573067248848e6403c436c3

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/nft/0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE/0?tab=Metadata

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/tx/0xd81dc0bed9303301c9241794eca72674f0a62365a8b4c7afe65047b1246c89c9

![image-20250403143100628.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/CC1x1S4Q67ee2e9de2fe5.png)

## 总结

通过打造 MonaPunk NFT，我们充分体验了 Web3 新星 Monad 的卓越性能。从 Foundry 初始化到合约部署，再到测试网上的 NFT 铸造，本文完整呈现了在 Monad 上构建 Web3 应用的全流程。MonaPunk 合约功能丰富，测试覆盖率达 100%，彰显了其无懈可击的可靠性。作为高性能 Layer-1 区块链，Monad 为开发者提供了高效、友好的舞台。这篇全解不仅是一次实践，更是为 Web3 爱好者和开发者开启 Monad 大门的钥匙，助你在 Web3 浪潮中大展身手！

## 参考

- https://www.openzeppelin.com/solidity-contracts
- https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts
- https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
- https://www.monad.xyz/
- https://docs.monad.xyz/introduction/monad-for-developers
- https://docs.monad.xyz/developer-essentials/network-information
- https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/
- https://github.com/monad-developers/foundry-monad
- https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/address/0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE
- https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/tx/0x3b16fb11a783efef75a29d8819fced05ca769787f36784dabf2252ecfe12c630
- https://docs.monad.xyz/guides/scaffold-eth-monad
- https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/MonadArt

Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

Monad is an Ethereum-compatible Layer-1 blockchain with 10,000 tps of throughput, 500ms block frequency, and 1s finality.

实操

创建项目并切换到项目目录

mcd MonadArt # mkdir MonadArt && cd MonadArt

通过模版初始化项目

forge init --template https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/foundry-template
Warning: This is a nightly build of Foundry. It is recommended to use the latest stable version. Visit https://book.getfoundry.sh/announcements for more information. 
To mute this warning set `FOUNDRY_DISABLE_NIGHTLY_WARNING` in your environment. 

Initializing /Users/qiaopengjun/Code/monad/MonadArt from https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/foundry-template...
remote: Enumerating objects: 36, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (36/36), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (30/30), done.
remote: Total 36 (delta 1), reused 31 (delta 1), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
展开对象中: 100% (36/36), 13.08 KiB | 837.00 KiB/s, 完成.
来自 https://github.com/qiaopengjun5162/foundry-template
 * branch            HEAD       -> FETCH_HEAD
 ... ...

处理 delta 中: 100% (1419/1419), 完成.
    Initialized forge project

设置禁用 Foundry nightly版本警告

export FOUNDRY_DISABLE_NIGHTLY_WARNING=1

查看项目目录

MonadArt on  master [✘?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ tree . -L 6 -I 'target|cache|lib|out|build'

.
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── _typos.toml
├── cliff.toml
├── foundry.toml
├── remappings.txt
├── script
│   ├── MonaPunk.s.sol
│   └── deploy.sh
├── slither.config.json
├── src
│   └── MonaPunk.sol
├── style_guide.md
└── test
    └── MonaPunk.t.sol

4 directories, 13 files

`MonaPunk.sol` 文件

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Compatible with OpenZeppelin Contracts ^5.0.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {ERC721} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import {ERC721Burnable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Burnable.sol";
import {ERC721Enumerable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import {ERC721Pausable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Pausable.sol";
import {ERC721URIStorage} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract MonaPunk is ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, ERC721URIStorage, ERC721Pausable, Ownable, ERC721Burnable {
    uint256 private _nextTokenId;

    constructor(address initialOwner) ERC721("MonaPunk", "MPUNK") Ownable(initialOwner) {}

    function pause() public onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    function unpause() public onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

    function safeMint(address to, string memory uri) public onlyOwner returns (uint256) {
        uint256 tokenId = _nextTokenId++;
        _safeMint(to, tokenId);
        _setTokenURI(tokenId, uri);
        return tokenId;
    }

    // The following functions are overrides required by Solidity.

    function _update(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth)
        internal
        override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, ERC721Pausable)
        returns (address)
    {
        return super._update(to, tokenId, auth);
    }

    function _increaseBalance(address account, uint128 value) internal override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable) {
        super._increaseBalance(account, value);
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) returns (string memory) {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable, ERC721URIStorage)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }
}

`MonaPunk.t.sol` 文件

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.22;

import {Test, console} from "forge-std/Test.sol";
import {MonaPunk} from "../src/MonaPunk.sol";
import {MonaPunkScript} from "../script/MonaPunk.s.sol";

contract MonaPunkTest is Test {
    MonaPunk public monaPunk;

    Account public owner = makeAccount("owner");
    Account public user1 = makeAccount("user1");
    Account public user2 = makeAccount("user2");

    string tokenURI = "ipfs://QmTestURI123";

    function setUp() public {
        monaPunk = new MonaPunk(owner.addr);
    }

    // 测试部署和基本信息
    function test_Deployment() public view {
        assertEq(monaPunk.name(), "MonaPunk", "name is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.symbol(), "MPUNK", "symbol is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.owner(), owner.addr, "owner is not correct");
    }

    // 测试铸造功能
    function test_SafeMint() public {
        // owner 铸造
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr); // 模拟 owner 调用
        uint256 tokenId = monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank(); // 停止模拟
        assertEq(tokenId, 0, "first tokenId is not 0");
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user1.addr, "NFTToken owner is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenURI(0), tokenURI, "URI is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance is not correct");

        // 非 owner 铸造应该失败
        vm.prank(user1.addr); // 模拟 user1 调用
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user1.addr));
        monaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
    }

    // 测试暂停功能
    function test_Pause() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr); // 模拟 owner 调用
        monaPunk.pause();
        assertTrue(monaPunk.paused(), "paused is not correct");

        // 非 owner 暂停应该失败
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user1.addr));
        monaPunk.pause();
    }

    // 测试暂停时转移失败
    function test_Pause_TransferFails() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.pause();
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("EnforcedPause()"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
    }

    // 测试取消暂停
    function test_Unpause() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.pause();
        monaPunk.unpause();
        assertFalse(monaPunk.paused(), "unpause failed");

        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "transfer failed after unpause");
    }

    // 测试销毁功能
    function test_Burn() public {
        // 1. Owner 铸造 NFT 给 user1
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);

        // 2. user1 销毁 tokenId=0
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.burn(0);

        // 3. 查询已销毁的 token 应抛错
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, 0));
        monaPunk.ownerOf(0);

        // 4. 测试非所有者销毁（应抛权限错误）
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI); // 重新铸造 tokenId=1
        vm.prank(user2.addr); // user2 无权限
        errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721InsufficientApproval(address,uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user2.addr, 1));
        monaPunk.burn(1);
    }

    // 测试 Enumerable 功能
    function test_Enumerable() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenOfOwnerByIndex(user1.addr, 0), 0, "first NFT ID incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenOfOwnerByIndex(user1.addr, 1), 1, "second NFT ID incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.totalSupply(), 2, "total supply incorrect");
    }

    // 测试 URI 存储
    function test_URIStorage() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenURI(0), tokenURI, "URI is not correct");

        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, 999));
        monaPunk.tokenURI(999);
    }

    // 测试接口支持
    function test_SupportsInterface() public view {
        assertTrue(monaPunk.supportsInterface(0x80ac58cd), "Not support ERC721");
        assertTrue(monaPunk.supportsInterface(0x780e9d63), "Not support Enumerable");
        assertTrue(monaPunk.supportsInterface(0x5b5e139f), "Not support URIStorage");
    }

    // 测试所有权管理
    function test_Ownership() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.transferOwnership(user1.addr);
        assertEq(monaPunk.owner(), user1.addr, "ownership transfer failed");

        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user2.addr));
        monaPunk.transferOwnership(user2.addr);

        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "new owner mint failed");
    }

    // 测试批准后转移，覆盖 _update 和 _increaseBalance
    function test_ApproveAndTransfer() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance incorrect after mint");

        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.approve(user2.addr, 0); // user1 批准 user2 操作 token 0
        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "transfer after approve failed");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 0, "user1 balance incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user2.addr), 1, "user2 balance incorrect");
    }

    // 测试 _update 的失败场景
    function test_Update_InvalidToken() public {
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, 999));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 999); // 不存在的 tokenId
    }

    function test_Update_Unauthorized() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721InsufficientApproval(address,uint256)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user2.addr, 0));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
    }

    // 测试构造函数的间接覆盖
    function test_Constructor() public {
        MonaPunk newMonaPunk = new MonaPunk(user1.addr); // 部署新实例
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.owner(), user1.addr, "constructor owner incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.name(), "MonaPunk", "constructor name incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.symbol(), "MPUNK", "constructor symbol incorrect");

        // 额外验证初始状态
        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        newMonaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "mint after constructor failed");
    }

    function test_Constructor_Hack() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        MonaPunk newMonaPunk = new MonaPunk(owner.addr);
        newMonaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI); // 触发所有初始化
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.owner(), owner.addr, "owner incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.name(), "MonaPunk", "name incorrect");
        assertEq(newMonaPunk.symbol(), "MPUNK", "symbol incorrect");
    }

    // 测试零地址转账
    function test_ZeroAddressTransfer() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);

        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("ERC721InvalidReceiver(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, address(0)));
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, address(0), 0);
    }

    // 测试重复铸造（适配 OZ V5 防重复逻辑）
    function test_DuplicateMint() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);

        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
    }

    // 测试边界条件
    function test_MaxSupply() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {
            monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI); // 测试大量铸造
        }
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(monaPunk.totalSupply(), 100, "max supply issue");
    }

    function test_ApproveAndTransfer2() public {
        vm.prank(owner.addr);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance incorrect after mint");

        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        monaPunk.approve(user2.addr, 0);
        vm.prank(user2.addr);
        monaPunk.transferFrom(user1.addr, user2.addr, 0);
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user2.addr, "transfer after approve failed");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 0, "user1 balance incorrect after transfer");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user2.addr), 1, "user2 balance incorrect after transfer");
    }

    function test_SafeMint2() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        uint256 tokenId = monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();
        assertEq(tokenId, 0, "first tokenId is not 0");
        assertEq(monaPunk.ownerOf(0), user1.addr, "NFTToken owner is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenURI(0), tokenURI, "URI is not correct");
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 1, "user1 balance is not correct after mint");

        vm.prank(user1.addr);
        bytes4 errorSelector = bytes4(keccak256("OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address)"));
        vm.expectRevert(abi.encodeWithSelector(errorSelector, user1.addr));
        monaPunk.safeMint(user2.addr, tokenURI);
    }

    function test_EnumerableBalance() public {
        vm.startPrank(owner.addr);
        // 铸造2个NFT给同一用户
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        monaPunk.safeMint(user1.addr, tokenURI);
        vm.stopPrank();

        // 验证余额和枚举功能
        assertEq(monaPunk.balanceOf(user1.addr), 2, "balance incorrect");
        assertEq(monaPunk.tokenOfOwnerByIndex(user1.addr, 1), 1, "enumeration failed");
    }
}

格式化项目

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 8.7s 
➜ forge fmt

构建项目

MonadArt on  master [✘?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 6.6s 
➜ forge build 
[⠒] Compiling...
[⠘] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠃] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.70s
Compiler run successful!

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 13.1s 
➜ forge compile                                                
[⠒] Compiling...
[⠒] Compiling 2 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠢] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 5.09s
Compiler run successful!

测试

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ forge test --match-path test/MonaPunk.t.sol --show-progress -vv
[⠒] Compiling...
[⠘] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠃] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 4.84s
Compiler run successful!
test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
  ↪ Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 5.68s (3.91s CPU time)

Ran 21 tests for test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer() (gas: 175455)
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer2() (gas: 175729)
[PASS] test_Burn() (gas: 243875)
[PASS] test_Constructor() (gas: 1467743)
[PASS] test_Constructor_Hack() (gas: 1466706)
[PASS] test_Deployment() (gas: 23575)
[PASS] test_DuplicateMint() (gas: 286570)
[PASS] test_Enumerable() (gas: 292530)
[PASS] test_EnumerableBalance() (gas: 290222)
[PASS] test_MaxSupply() (gas: 14067761)
[PASS] test_Ownership() (gas: 161321)
[PASS] test_Pause() (gas: 24579)
[PASS] test_Pause_TransferFails() (gas: 155681)
[PASS] test_SafeMint() (gas: 160639)
[PASS] test_SafeMint2() (gas: 160836)
[PASS] test_SupportsInterface() (gas: 12340)
[PASS] test_URIStorage() (gas: 155240)
[PASS] test_Unpause() (gas: 169567)
[PASS] test_Update_InvalidToken() (gas: 23089)
[PASS] test_Update_Unauthorized() (gas: 155472)
[PASS] test_ZeroAddressTransfer() (gas: 147830)
Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 5.68s (3.91s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 7.26s (5.68s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)

查看测试覆盖率

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 21.3s 
➜ forge coverage                                                 
Warning: optimizer settings and `viaIR` have been disabled for accurate coverage reports.
If you encounter "stack too deep" errors, consider using `--ir-minimum` which enables `viaIR` with minimum optimization resolving most of the errors
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠆] Compiling 46 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠔] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.36s
Compiler run successful!
Analysing contracts...
Running tests...

Ran 21 tests for test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer() (gas: 185353)
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer2() (gas: 185403)
[PASS] test_Burn() (gas: 253792)
[PASS] test_Constructor() (gas: 2629499)
[PASS] test_Constructor_Hack() (gas: 2626775)
[PASS] test_Deployment() (gas: 26302)
[PASS] test_DuplicateMint() (gas: 291142)
[PASS] test_Enumerable() (gas: 300598)
[PASS] test_EnumerableBalance() (gas: 297724)
[PASS] test_MaxSupply() (gas: 14325924)
[PASS] test_Ownership() (gas: 166778)
[PASS] test_Pause() (gas: 24923)
[PASS] test_Pause_TransferFails() (gas: 160125)
[PASS] test_SafeMint() (gas: 168327)
[PASS] test_SafeMint2() (gas: 168406)
[PASS] test_SupportsInterface() (gas: 15566)
[PASS] test_URIStorage() (gas: 160891)
[PASS] test_Unpause() (gas: 176764)
[PASS] test_Update_InvalidToken() (gas: 25076)
[PASS] test_Update_Unauthorized() (gas: 159991)
[PASS] test_ZeroAddressTransfer() (gas: 151811)
Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 4.32s (4.19s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 6.51s (4.32s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)

╭-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------╮
| File                  | % Lines        | % Statements   | % Branches    | % Funcs      |
+========================================================================================+
| script/MonaPunk.s.sol | 0.00% (0/9)    | 0.00% (0/9)    | 100.00% (0/0) | 0.00% (0/2)  |
|-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------|
| src/MonaPunk.sol      | 88.24% (15/17) | 92.86% (13/14) | 100.00% (0/0) | 85.71% (6/7) |
|-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------|
| Total                 | 57.69% (15/26) | 56.52% (13/23) | 100.00% (0/0) | 66.67% (6/9) |
╰-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------╯

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 16.3s 
➜ forge coverage --match-path test/MonaPunk.t.sol              
Warning: optimizer settings and `viaIR` have been disabled for accurate coverage reports.
If you encounter "stack too deep" errors, consider using `--ir-minimum` which enables `viaIR` with minimum optimization resolving most of the errors
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠔] Compiling 46 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠒] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.50s
Compiler run successful!
Analysing contracts...
Running tests...

Ran 21 tests for test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer() (gas: 185353)
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer2() (gas: 185403)
[PASS] test_Burn() (gas: 253792)
[PASS] test_Constructor() (gas: 2629499)
[PASS] test_Constructor_Hack() (gas: 2626775)
[PASS] test_Deployment() (gas: 26302)
[PASS] test_DuplicateMint() (gas: 291142)
[PASS] test_Enumerable() (gas: 300598)
[PASS] test_EnumerableBalance() (gas: 297724)
[PASS] test_MaxSupply() (gas: 14325924)
[PASS] test_Ownership() (gas: 166778)
[PASS] test_Pause() (gas: 24923)
[PASS] test_Pause_TransferFails() (gas: 160125)
[PASS] test_SafeMint() (gas: 168327)
[PASS] test_SafeMint2() (gas: 168406)
[PASS] test_SupportsInterface() (gas: 15566)
[PASS] test_URIStorage() (gas: 160891)
[PASS] test_Unpause() (gas: 176764)
[PASS] test_Update_InvalidToken() (gas: 25076)
[PASS] test_Update_Unauthorized() (gas: 159991)
[PASS] test_ZeroAddressTransfer() (gas: 151811)
Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 3.87s (2.71s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 6.26s (3.87s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)

╭-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------╮
| File                  | % Lines        | % Statements   | % Branches    | % Funcs      |
+========================================================================================+
| script/MonaPunk.s.sol | 0.00% (0/9)    | 0.00% (0/9)    | 100.00% (0/0) | 0.00% (0/2)  |
|-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------|
| src/MonaPunk.sol      | 88.24% (15/17) | 92.86% (13/14) | 100.00% (0/0) | 85.71% (6/7) |
|-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------|
| Total                 | 57.69% (15/26) | 56.52% (13/23) | 100.00% (0/0) | 66.67% (6/9) |
╰-----------------------+----------------+----------------+---

生成详细的测试覆盖率报告

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 12.4s 
➜ forge coverage --match-path test/MonaPunk.t.sol --report lcov
genhtml lcov.info -o coverage
Warning: optimizer settings and `viaIR` have been disabled for accurate coverage reports.
If you encounter "stack too deep" errors, consider using `--ir-minimum` which enables `viaIR` with minimum optimization resolving most of the errors
[⠊] Compiling...
[⠆] Compiling 46 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠔] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 2.36s
Compiler run successful!
Analysing contracts...
Running tests...

Ran 21 tests for test/MonaPunk.t.sol:MonaPunkTest
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer() (gas: 185353)
[PASS] test_ApproveAndTransfer2() (gas: 185403)
[PASS] test_Burn() (gas: 253792)
[PASS] test_Constructor() (gas: 2629499)
[PASS] test_Constructor_Hack() (gas: 2626775)
[PASS] test_Deployment() (gas: 26302)
[PASS] test_DuplicateMint() (gas: 291142)
[PASS] test_Enumerable() (gas: 300598)
[PASS] test_EnumerableBalance() (gas: 297724)
[PASS] test_MaxSupply() (gas: 14325924)
[PASS] test_Ownership() (gas: 166778)
[PASS] test_Pause() (gas: 24923)
[PASS] test_Pause_TransferFails() (gas: 160125)
[PASS] test_SafeMint() (gas: 168327)
[PASS] test_SafeMint2() (gas: 168406)
[PASS] test_SupportsInterface() (gas: 15566)
[PASS] test_URIStorage() (gas: 160891)
[PASS] test_Unpause() (gas: 176764)
[PASS] test_Update_InvalidToken() (gas: 25076)
[PASS] test_Update_Unauthorized() (gas: 159991)
[PASS] test_ZeroAddressTransfer() (gas: 151811)
Suite result: ok. 21 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 6.79s (7.86s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 7.67s (6.79s CPU time): 21 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (21 total tests)
Wrote LCOV report.
Reading tracefile lcov.info.
Found 2 entries.
Found common filename prefix "/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/monad/MonadArt"
Generating output.
Processing file src/MonaPunk.sol
  lines=17 hit=15 functions=7 hit=6
Processing file script/MonaPunk.s.sol
  lines=9 hit=0 functions=2 hit=0
Overall coverage rate:
  source files: 2
  lines.......: 57.7% (15 of 26 lines)
  functions...: 66.7% (6 of 9 functions)
Message summary:
  no messages were reported

在浏览器打开`coverage/index.html` 文件即可查看测试覆盖率报告

部署合约

https://docs.monad.xyz/guides/deploy-smart-contract/foundry

第一步：本地导入私钥并查看地址

cast wallet list 会显示当前 Foundry 配置中保存的所有以太坊账户（私钥或助记词生成的地址）

cast wallet address --account MetaMask 用于从 Foundry 的本地钱包系统中获取别名为 "MetaMask" 的以太坊地址。

cast wallet import MetaMask --interactive

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ cast wallet list                            
MetaMask (Local)

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base 
➜ cast wallet address --account MetaMask      
Enter keystore password:
0x750Ea21c1e98CcED0d4557196B6f4a5974CCB6f5

第二步：部署合约

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 6.2s 
➜ forge create src/MonaPunk.sol:MonaPunk --account MetaMask --broadcast --constructor-args $ACCOUNT_ADDRESS
[⠒] Compiling...
No files changed, compilation skipped
Enter keystore password:
Deployer: 0x750Ea21c1e98CcED0d4557196B6f4a5974CCB6f5
Deployed to: 0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE
Transaction hash: 0x3b16fb11a783efef75a29d8819fced05ca769787f36784dabf2252ecfe12c630

第二步：选择 Verification method (Compiler type)

第三步：执行 Verify Contract 命令

MonadArt on  master [✘!?] on 🐳 v27.5.1 (orbstack) via 🅒 base took 9.6s 
➜ forge verify-contract \  
  --rpc-url https://testnet-rpc.monad.xyz \
  --verifier sourcify \
  --verifier-url 'https://sourcify-api-monad.blockvision.org' \
  0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE \
  src/MonaPunk.sol:MonaPunk
Start verifying contract `0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE` deployed on monad-testnet
Attempting to verify on Sourcify. Pass the --etherscan-api-key &lt;API_KEY> to verify on Etherscan, or use the --verifier flag to verify on another provider.

Submitting verification for [MonaPunk] "0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE".
Contract successfully verified

第四步：查看合约成功 Verify

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/address/0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE?tab=Contract

Mint NFT

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/tx/0x518d562e29631e74eed163206c690df8a32316483573067248848e6403c436c3

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/nft/0x0660c412bf2aca856ee119cEfdD155b24595a6CE/0?tab=Metadata

https://testnet.monadexplorer.com/tx/0xd81dc0bed9303301c9241794eca72674f0a62365a8b4c7afe65047b1246c89c9

总结

参考

原创
学分: 3
分类: Solidity
标签: Web3 Monad NFT Solidity Contract

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Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

实操

创建项目并切换到项目目录

通过模版初始化项目

设置禁用 Foundry nightly版本警告

查看项目目录

`MonaPunk.sol` 文件

`MonaPunk.t.sol` 文件

格式化项目

构建项目

测试

查看测试覆盖率

生成详细的测试覆盖率报告

在浏览器打开`coverage/index.html` 文件即可查看测试覆盖率报告

部署合约

第一步：本地导入私钥并查看地址

第二步：部署合约

第三步：查看合约

验证合约 Verify Contract

第一步：点击 Verify Code

第二步：选择 Verification method (Compiler type)

第三步：执行 Verify Contract 命令

第四步：查看合约成功 Verify

Mint NFT

总结

参考

0 条评论

专栏: Web3

文章目录

Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

Web3 新星：Monad 打造 NFT 全解

实操

创建项目并切换到项目目录

通过模版初始化项目

设置禁用 Foundry nightly版本警告

查看项目目录

MonaPunk.sol 文件

MonaPunk.t.sol 文件

格式化项目

构建项目

测试

查看测试覆盖率

生成详细的测试覆盖率报告

在浏览器打开coverage/index.html 文件即可查看测试覆盖率报告

部署合约

第一步：本地导入私钥并查看地址

第二步：部署合约

第三步：查看合约

验证合约 Verify Contract

第一步：点击 Verify Code

第二步：选择 Verification method (Compiler type)

第三步：执行 Verify Contract 命令

第四步：查看合约成功 Verify

Mint NFT

总结

参考

0 条评论

专栏: Web3

文章目录

`MonaPunk.sol` 文件

`MonaPunk.t.sol` 文件

在浏览器打开`coverage/index.html` 文件即可查看测试覆盖率报告