Web3 数据索引新利器：用 The Graph 打造 NFT 市场子图全攻略

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Web3数据索引新利器：用TheGraph打造NFT市场子图全攻略Web3浪潮席卷而来，区块链数据的查询与索引成为去中心化应用（dApp）开发的核心挑战。TheGraph作为Web3数据索引的“新利器”，以其去中心化协议和高效查询能力，彻底简化了NFT市场等场景下的数据处

# Web3 数据索引新利器：用 The Graph 打造 NFT 市场子图全攻略

Web3 浪潮席卷而来，区块链数据的查询与索引成为去中心化应用（dApp）开发的核心挑战。The Graph 作为 Web3 数据索引的“新利器”，以其去中心化协议和高效查询能力，彻底简化了 NFT 市场等场景下的数据处理流程。无论是追踪交易事件还是分析市场动态，The Graph 都能让开发者事半功倍。本文将为您献上一份从零到部署的 NFT 市场子图全攻略，涵盖环境搭建、子图配置、映射编写及部署实战，助您快速掌握 The Graph，解锁 Web3 数据索引的无限可能！

本文深入剖析 The Graph 在 Web3 数据索引中的强大功能，以 NFT 市场为例，详细讲解如何利用 The Graph 构建高效子图。通过清晰的步骤指南，您将学会安装 Graph CLI、初始化子图、配置 NFT 市场合约事件、定义 schema、编写映射逻辑，并最终部署到 The Graph Studio。文章还提供部署失败的解决方案（如使用 Alchemy）和丰富的学习资源，适合 Web3 开发者快速上手。无论是初学者还是资深开发者，都能通过这篇全攻略掌握 The Graph 的核心技能，轻松应对区块链数据挑战。

The Graph是一个强大的去中心化协议，可以无缝地查询区块链数据并将其索引。 它简化了查询区块链数据的复杂过程，使开发dapp 更快和更容易。

![thegraph](https://thegraph.com/docs/_next/static/media/graph-dataflow.4a0efacc.png)

## 为NFTMarket创建一个The Graph子图

### 学习资料

- 快速入门： <https://thegraph.com/docs/zh/quick-start/>
- 如何编写一个子图的详细介绍 <https://thegraph.com/docs/zh/developing/creating-a-subgraph/>
- 如何查询一个子图的详细介绍 <https://thegraph.com/docs/zh/querying/querying-from-an-application/>
- 中文相关资源列表： <https://www.notion.so/graphprotocolcn/The-Graph-49977afa44644ebf9052b9220f539396>
- The graph bounty中一个比较好的子图的例子： <https://github.com/Autosaida/Zircuit-Restaking-Subgraph/>
- The graph bounty中一个比较好的Usage of Subgraph的例子：<https://github.com/ttttonyhe/stader-graph-dashboard>

### 步骤

1. 安装Graph CLI 在本地环境中安装Graph CLI工具
2. 初始化子图 使用Graph CLI初始化一个新的子图
3. 配置子图（subgraph.yaml） 设置要索引的NFTMarket合约和List、Buy事件
4. 定义Schema（schema.graphql） 定义List和Buy实体
5. 编写映射（mapping.ts） 编写映射逻辑，以处理合约事件并更新子图的存储
6. 部署子图 使用Graph CLI工具部署子图到The Graph Studio。

## 实操

### 第一步：创建子图

![image-20240719152946198.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/6vlCJgMo680f60c4e7998.png)
### 第二步：填写子图名称

![image-20240719153052059.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/h6n7OQpf680f60de4252a.png)

### 第三步：填写描述信息和源码链接（注意：描述信息必填否则不能保存）

![image-20240719153315148.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/3sX2mlEQ680f60ffb2282.png)

### 第四步：点击 Save 后即可根据右方的命令去执行对应的操作

![image-20240719153716869.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/h6aTzogy680f611831879.png)

### 第五步：安装  GRAPH CLI

```bash
pnpm install -g @graphprotocol/graph-cli
```

### 第六步：初始化子图

```bash
graph init --studio nftmarkethub
```

![image-20240719155025236.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/uEOELMxC680f612e47c19.png)

### 第七步：认证

```bash
graph auth --studio c982cd704d2e5525feae40467e1937db
```

![image-20240719155212470.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/2PBLPc8x680f614d68673.png)

### 第八步：切换目录

```bash
cd nftmarkethub
```

![image-20240719155321324.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/N5Q0mBA7680f616aacb86.png)

### 第九步：BUILD 子图

```bash
graph codegen && graph build
```

![image-20240719155441488.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/genNUWFZ680f61841af02.png)

### 第十步：部署子图

```bash
graph deploy --studio nftmarkethub
```

部署失败

![image-20240719161346275.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/Qunh4x3S680f61a52d1f2.png)

试图查询失败信息

![image-20240720105810386.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/i5nF5St3680f61c6b01ac.png)

#### 方法一：使用 alchemy 问题解决，部署成功！

![image-20240721113552746.png](https://img.learnblockchain.cn/attachments/2025/04/NDfsFAiM680f61e8657fb.png)

#### 方法二：重新初始化部署，部署成功

```bash
graph init --studio nftmarkethub
 ›   Warning: In next major version, this flag will be removed. By default we will deploy to the Graph Studio. Learn more about Sunrise of
 ›   Decentralized Data https://thegraph.com/blog/unveiling-updated-sunrise-decentralized-data/
 ›   Warning: In next major version, this flag will be removed. By default we will deploy to the Graph Studio. Learn more about Sunrise of
 ›   Decentralized Data https://thegraph.com/blog/unveiling-updated-sunrise-decentralized-data/
 ›   Warning: In next major version, this flag will be removed. By default we will stop initializing a Git repository.
? Protocol … (node:28795) [DEP0040] DeprecationWarning: The `punycode` module is deprecated. Please use a userland alternative instead.
(Use `node --trace-deprecation ...` to show where the warning was created)
✔ Protocol · ethereum
✔ Subgraph slug · nftmarkethub
✔ Directory to create the subgraph in · nftmarkethub
? Ethereum network …
? Ethereum network …
? Ethereum network …
✔ Ethereum network · sepolia
✔ Contract address · 0xbba4229cD53442D56E306379E99332687E1fb31f
✔ Fetching ABI from Etherscan
✖ Failed to fetch Start Block: Failed to fetch contract creation transaction hash
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✔ Fetching Start Block
✖ Failed to fetch Contract Name: Failed to fetch contract source code
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✖ Failed to fetch Contract Name: Failed to fetch contract source code
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✖ Failed to fetch Contract Name: Failed to fetch contract source code
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✔ Fetching Contract Name
✔ S...

Web3 数据索引新利器：用 The Graph 打造 NFT 市场子图全攻略

The Graph是一个强大的去中心化协议，可以无缝地查询区块链数据并将其索引。它简化了查询区块链数据的复杂过程，使开发dapp 更快和更容易。

thegraph

为NFTMarket创建一个The Graph子图

学习资料

快速入门： <https://thegraph.com/docs/zh/quick-start/>
如何编写一个子图的详细介绍 <https://thegraph.com/docs/zh/developing/creating-a-subgraph/>
如何查询一个子图的详细介绍 <https://thegraph.com/docs/zh/querying/querying-from-an-application/>
中文相关资源列表： <https://www.notion.so/graphprotocolcn/The-Graph-49977afa44644ebf9052b9220f539396>
The graph bounty中一个比较好的子图的例子： <https://github.com/Autosaida/Zircuit-Restaking-Subgraph/>
The graph bounty中一个比较好的Usage of Subgraph的例子：<https://github.com/ttttonyhe/stader-graph-dashboard>

步骤

安装Graph CLI 在本地环境中安装Graph CLI工具
初始化子图使用Graph CLI初始化一个新的子图
配置子图（subgraph.yaml）设置要索引的NFTMarket合约和List、Buy事件
定义Schema（schema.graphql）定义List和Buy实体
编写映射（mapping.ts）编写映射逻辑，以处理合约事件并更新子图的存储
部署子图使用Graph CLI工具部署子图到The Graph Studio。

实操

第一步：创建子图

第二步：填写子图名称

第三步：填写描述信息和源码链接（注意：描述信息必填否则不能保存）

第四步：点击 Save 后即可根据右方的命令去执行对应的操作

第五步：安装 GRAPH CLI

pnpm install -g @graphprotocol/graph-cli

第六步：初始化子图

graph init --studio nftmarkethub

第七步：认证

graph auth --studio c982cd704d2e5525feae40467e1937db

第八步：切换目录

cd nftmarkethub

第九步：BUILD 子图

graph codegen && graph build

第十步：部署子图

graph deploy --studio nftmarkethub

部署失败

试图查询失败信息

方法一：使用 alchemy 问题解决，部署成功！

方法二：重新初始化部署，部署成功


graph init --studio nftmarkethub
 ›   Warning: In next major version, this flag will be removed. By default we will deploy to the Graph Studio. Learn more about Sunrise of
 ›   Decentralized Data https://thegraph.com/blog/unveiling-updated-sunrise-decentralized-data/
 ›   Warning: In next major version, this flag will be removed. By default we will deploy to the Graph Studio. Learn more about Sunrise of
 ›   Decentralized Data https://thegraph.com/blog/unveiling-updated-sunrise-decentralized-data/
 ›   Warning: In next major version, this flag will be removed. By default we will stop initializing a Git repository.
? Protocol … (node:28795) [DEP0040] DeprecationWarning: The `punycode` module is deprecated. Please use a userland alternative instead.
(Use `node --trace-deprecation ...` to show where the warning was created)
✔ Protocol · ethereum
✔ Subgraph slug · nftmarkethub
✔ Directory to create the subgraph in · nftmarkethub
? Ethereum network …
? Ethereum network …
? Ethereum network …
✔ Ethereum network · sepolia
✔ Contract address · 0xbba4229cD53442D56E306379E99332687E1fb31f
✔ Fetching ABI from Etherscan
✖ Failed to fetch Start Block: Failed to fetch contract creation transaction hash
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✔ Fetching Start Block
✖ Failed to fetch Contract Name: Failed to fetch contract source code
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✖ Failed to fetch Contract Name: Failed to fetch contract source code
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✖ Failed to fetch Contract Name: Failed to fetch contract source code
✔ Do you want to retry? (Y/n) · true
✔ Fetching Contract Name
✔ S...